BIOL 235: Chapter 13 Exam Questions
and Answers 100% Pass
layers of the meninges - ✔✔top to bottom: dura mater, arachnoid mater,
pia mater
Describe dura mater - ✔✔thick strong layer composed of dense, irregular
connective tissue. The dura mater is also continuous with the epineurium,
the outer covering of spinal and cranial nerves.
Describe arachnoid mater - ✔✔the middle of the meningeal membranes, is
a thin, avascular covering comprised of cells and thin, loosely arranged
collagen and elastic fibers. It is called the arachnoid mater because of its
spider's web arrangement of delicate collagen fibers and some elastic
fibers. It is deep to the dura mater and is continuous through the foramen
magnum with the arachnoid mater of the brain. Between the dura mater
1
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,and the arachnoid mater is a thin subdural space, which contains
interstitial fluid.
describe pia mater - ✔✔-thin transparent connective tissue layer that
adheres to the surface of the spinal cord and brain. It consists of thin
squamous to cuboidal cells within interlacing bundles of collagen fibers
and some fine elastic fibers.
-many blood vessels
-Triangular‐shaped membranous extensions called denticulate ligaments of
the pia mater suspend the spinal cord in the middle of its dural sheath.
subarachnoid space - ✔✔b/w the arachnoid mater and pia mater; has CSF
cervical enlargment of spinal cord - ✔✔from C4 to T1; nerves to and from
upper limbs arise here
lumbar enlargment of spinal cord - ✔✔from T9 to T12; nerves to and from
lower limbs arise here
conus medullaris - ✔✔where the spinal cord terminates; ends b/w L1-L2
2
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, filum terminale - ✔✔arises from conus medullaris; an extension of the pia
mater that fuses with teh arachois mater and dura mater + anchors spinal
cord to the coccyx
what is a root - ✔✔2 bundles of axons; connect each spinal nerve to a
segment of the cord by even smaller acons called rootlets
cauda equina - ✔✔bundles of spinal nerves originating at the conus
medullaris. Innervate pelvic organs and lower limbs
spinal nerve - ✔✔paths of communication between the spinal cord and
specific regions of the body.
-each spinal nerve arises from a spinal segment
* 8 pairs of cervical nerves (C1-C8)
* 12 pairs of thoracic nerves
* 5 pairs of lumbar nerves
* 5 pairs of sacral nerves
* 1 pair of coccygeal nerves
3
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and Answers 100% Pass
layers of the meninges - ✔✔top to bottom: dura mater, arachnoid mater,
pia mater
Describe dura mater - ✔✔thick strong layer composed of dense, irregular
connective tissue. The dura mater is also continuous with the epineurium,
the outer covering of spinal and cranial nerves.
Describe arachnoid mater - ✔✔the middle of the meningeal membranes, is
a thin, avascular covering comprised of cells and thin, loosely arranged
collagen and elastic fibers. It is called the arachnoid mater because of its
spider's web arrangement of delicate collagen fibers and some elastic
fibers. It is deep to the dura mater and is continuous through the foramen
magnum with the arachnoid mater of the brain. Between the dura mater
1
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,and the arachnoid mater is a thin subdural space, which contains
interstitial fluid.
describe pia mater - ✔✔-thin transparent connective tissue layer that
adheres to the surface of the spinal cord and brain. It consists of thin
squamous to cuboidal cells within interlacing bundles of collagen fibers
and some fine elastic fibers.
-many blood vessels
-Triangular‐shaped membranous extensions called denticulate ligaments of
the pia mater suspend the spinal cord in the middle of its dural sheath.
subarachnoid space - ✔✔b/w the arachnoid mater and pia mater; has CSF
cervical enlargment of spinal cord - ✔✔from C4 to T1; nerves to and from
upper limbs arise here
lumbar enlargment of spinal cord - ✔✔from T9 to T12; nerves to and from
lower limbs arise here
conus medullaris - ✔✔where the spinal cord terminates; ends b/w L1-L2
2
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, filum terminale - ✔✔arises from conus medullaris; an extension of the pia
mater that fuses with teh arachois mater and dura mater + anchors spinal
cord to the coccyx
what is a root - ✔✔2 bundles of axons; connect each spinal nerve to a
segment of the cord by even smaller acons called rootlets
cauda equina - ✔✔bundles of spinal nerves originating at the conus
medullaris. Innervate pelvic organs and lower limbs
spinal nerve - ✔✔paths of communication between the spinal cord and
specific regions of the body.
-each spinal nerve arises from a spinal segment
* 8 pairs of cervical nerves (C1-C8)
* 12 pairs of thoracic nerves
* 5 pairs of lumbar nerves
* 5 pairs of sacral nerves
* 1 pair of coccygeal nerves
3
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