BIOL 235 Chapter 5 Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass

BIOL 235 Chapter 5 Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass Functions of the integumentary system - 1. Regulates body temperature 2. Stores blood 3. Protects body from external environment 4. Detects cutaneous sensations from surrounding environment - pain/ pleasure 5. Excretes and absorbs substances 6. Synthesizes vitamin D What is the integumentary system composed of - skin, hair, sweat glands, nails, sensory receptors 2 100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Skin - - cutaneous membrane, covers the external surface of the body and is the largest organ of the body in both surface area and weight. (7% of body weight). - location of skin makes it vulnerable to damage from trauma, sunlight, microbes, and pollutants in the environment, but skin's protective features ward off such damage What does the skin reflect? - Skin can reflect our emotions (frowning, blushing) and some aspects of normal physiology (sweating). Changes in skin color can indicate homeostatic imbalances in the body. Ex: bluish skin color associated with hypoxia (oxygen deficiency) Dermatology - medical specialty that deals with the structure, function, and disorders of the integumentary system. Two main parts of skin - 1. Epidermis: superficial, thinner portion, composed of epithelial tissue. Avascular, no bleeding when cut. 2. Dermis: deeper, thicker connective tissue portion. Vascular, bleeding if cut. 3 100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Subcutaneous (subQ) layer or hypodermis - Consists of areolar and adipose tissue. Fibers that extend from the dermis anchor the skin to the subcutaneous layer, which in turn attaches to underlying - fascia (connective tissue around muscles and bones). Serves as a storage depot for fat and contains large blood vessels that supply the skin Also contains nerve endings called lamellated corpuscles or pacinian corpuscles that are sensitive to pressure. Epidermis - composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. contains four principal types of cells: keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells (Intraepidermal macrophages) and Merkel cells (Tactile epithelial cells) Keratinocyte - 90% of epidermal cells arranged in four or five layers and produce the protein keratin. 4 100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights also produces lamellar granules, which is release a water-repellent sealant that decreases water entry and loss and inhibits the entry of foreign materials. keratin - a tough, fibrous protein that helps protect the skin and underlying tissues from abrasions, heat, microbes, and chemicals. melanocyte - 8% of epidermal cells develop from the ectoderm of a developing embryo and produce the pigment melanin. melanin - yellow, red or brown-black pig