BIOL235 Chapter 19 Exam Questions
and Answers 100% Pass
blood - ✔✔is a liquid connective tissue that consists of cells surrounded by
a liquid extracellular matrix.
The extracellular matrix is called blood plasma, and it suspends various
cells and cell fragments.
interstitial fluid - ✔✔- is the fluid that bathes body cells
-it is constantly renewed by the blood.
-blood transports oxygen from the lungs and nutrients from the GI tract,
which diffuse from the blood into the interstitial fluid and then into body
cells.
1
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,- Carbon dioxide and other wastes move in the reverse direction, from
body cells to interstitial fluid to blood. Blood then transports the wastes to
various organs—the lungs, kidneys, and skin—for elimination from the
body.
functions of blood - ✔✔Blood has three general functions:
1.) *Transportation. *
blood transports oxygen from the lungs to the cells of the body and carbon
dioxide from the body cells to the lungs for exhalation. It carries nutrients
from the gastrointestinal tract to body cells and hormones from endocrine
glands to other body cells. Blood also trans- ports heat and waste products
to various organs for elimination from the body.
2.)*Regulation. *
2
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,Circulating blood helps maintain homeostasis of all body fluids. Blood
helps regulate pH through the use of buffers (chemicals that convert strong
acids or bases into weak ones). It also helps adjust body temperature
through the heat- absorbing and coolant properties of the water (see
Section 2.4) in blood plasma and its variable rate of flow through the skin,
where excess heat can be lost from the blood to the environment. In
addition, blood osmotic pressure influences the water content of cells,
mainly through interactions of dissolved ions and proteins.
3.)*Protection.*
Blood can clot (become gel-like), which protects against its excessive loss
from the cardiovascular system after an injury. In addition, its white blood
cells protect against dis- ease by carrying on phagocytosis. Several types of
blood proteins, including antibodies, interferons, and complement, help
protect against disease in a variety of ways.
3
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, 1. Transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, hormones, heat, and
wastes.
2. Regulates pH, body temperature, and water content of cells.
3. Protects against blood loss through clotting, and against disease through
phagocytic white blood cells and proteins such as antibodies, interferons,
and complement.
Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of blood. -
✔✔-Blood is denser and more viscous (thicker) than water and feels
slightly sticky.
-The temperature of blood is 38C (100.4F)
- 1C higher than oral or rectal body temperature, -slightly alkaline pH
ranging from 7.35 to 7.45.
- The color of blood varies with its oxygen content. When saturated with
oxygen, it is bright red. When unsaturated with oxygen, it is dark red.
-Blood constitutes about 20% of extracellular fluid, amounting to 8% of the
total body mass.
4
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and Answers 100% Pass
blood - ✔✔is a liquid connective tissue that consists of cells surrounded by
a liquid extracellular matrix.
The extracellular matrix is called blood plasma, and it suspends various
cells and cell fragments.
interstitial fluid - ✔✔- is the fluid that bathes body cells
-it is constantly renewed by the blood.
-blood transports oxygen from the lungs and nutrients from the GI tract,
which diffuse from the blood into the interstitial fluid and then into body
cells.
1
100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights
,- Carbon dioxide and other wastes move in the reverse direction, from
body cells to interstitial fluid to blood. Blood then transports the wastes to
various organs—the lungs, kidneys, and skin—for elimination from the
body.
functions of blood - ✔✔Blood has three general functions:
1.) *Transportation. *
blood transports oxygen from the lungs to the cells of the body and carbon
dioxide from the body cells to the lungs for exhalation. It carries nutrients
from the gastrointestinal tract to body cells and hormones from endocrine
glands to other body cells. Blood also trans- ports heat and waste products
to various organs for elimination from the body.
2.)*Regulation. *
2
100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights
,Circulating blood helps maintain homeostasis of all body fluids. Blood
helps regulate pH through the use of buffers (chemicals that convert strong
acids or bases into weak ones). It also helps adjust body temperature
through the heat- absorbing and coolant properties of the water (see
Section 2.4) in blood plasma and its variable rate of flow through the skin,
where excess heat can be lost from the blood to the environment. In
addition, blood osmotic pressure influences the water content of cells,
mainly through interactions of dissolved ions and proteins.
3.)*Protection.*
Blood can clot (become gel-like), which protects against its excessive loss
from the cardiovascular system after an injury. In addition, its white blood
cells protect against dis- ease by carrying on phagocytosis. Several types of
blood proteins, including antibodies, interferons, and complement, help
protect against disease in a variety of ways.
3
100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights
, 1. Transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, hormones, heat, and
wastes.
2. Regulates pH, body temperature, and water content of cells.
3. Protects against blood loss through clotting, and against disease through
phagocytic white blood cells and proteins such as antibodies, interferons,
and complement.
Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of blood. -
✔✔-Blood is denser and more viscous (thicker) than water and feels
slightly sticky.
-The temperature of blood is 38C (100.4F)
- 1C higher than oral or rectal body temperature, -slightly alkaline pH
ranging from 7.35 to 7.45.
- The color of blood varies with its oxygen content. When saturated with
oxygen, it is bright red. When unsaturated with oxygen, it is dark red.
-Blood constitutes about 20% of extracellular fluid, amounting to 8% of the
total body mass.
4
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