BIOL 235: Chapter 27 Exam Questions
and Answers 100% Pass
Body fluids - ✔✔water and dissolved solutes throughout the body.
Constitute between 55% and 60% of total body mass in females and males,
respectively.
intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytosol - ✔✔fluid within cells. 2/3 of body
fluids.
extracellular fluid (ECF) - ✔✔fluid outside cells and includes all other body
fluids. 1/3 of body fluids.
interstitial fluid - ✔✔occupies the microscopic spaces between tissue cells.
80% of ECF.
plasma - ✔✔liquid portion of the blood. 20% of ECF.
1
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,fluid balance - ✔✔occurs when the required amounts of water and solutes
are present and are correctly proportioned among the various
compartments. The ability of the kidneys to excrete excess water by
producing dilute urine, or to excrete excess electrolytes by producing
concentrated urine, is of utmost importance in the maintenance of
homeostasis.
electrolytes - ✔✔inorganic compounds that dissociate into ions. Because
most solutes in body fluids are these, fluid balance is closely related to its
balance.
Sources of body water gain - ✔✔(ingestion, metabolic synthesis) main
sources of body water are ingested liquids and moist foods absorbed from
the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which total about 2300 mL/day. Other
source of water is metabolic water that is produced in the body mainly
when electrons are accepted by oxygen during aerobic respiration and to a
smaller extent during dehydration synthesis reactions.
sources of body water loss - ✔✔(kidneys, skin, lungs, GI tract) Each day the
kidneys excrete about 1500 mL in urine, the skin evaporates about 600 mL,
2
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, the lungs exhale about 300 mL as water vapour, and the gastrointestinal
tract eliminates about 100 mL in faeces.
Regulation of water gain - ✔✔volume of metabolic water formed in the
body depends entirely on the level of aerobic respiration, which reflects the
demand for ATP in body cells. When more ATP is produced, more water is
formed.
Body water gain is regulated mainly by the volume of water intake, or how
much fluid you drink. An area in the hypothalamus known as the thirst
centre governs the urge to drink.
Regulation of water and solute loss—hormones - ✔✔elimination of excess
body water or solutes occurs mainly by control of their loss in urine. The
extent of urinary salt (NaCl) loss is the main factor that determines body
fluid volume. Hormonal changes regulate the urinary loss of Na and Cl
ions, which in turn affects blood volume.
3
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and Answers 100% Pass
Body fluids - ✔✔water and dissolved solutes throughout the body.
Constitute between 55% and 60% of total body mass in females and males,
respectively.
intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytosol - ✔✔fluid within cells. 2/3 of body
fluids.
extracellular fluid (ECF) - ✔✔fluid outside cells and includes all other body
fluids. 1/3 of body fluids.
interstitial fluid - ✔✔occupies the microscopic spaces between tissue cells.
80% of ECF.
plasma - ✔✔liquid portion of the blood. 20% of ECF.
1
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,fluid balance - ✔✔occurs when the required amounts of water and solutes
are present and are correctly proportioned among the various
compartments. The ability of the kidneys to excrete excess water by
producing dilute urine, or to excrete excess electrolytes by producing
concentrated urine, is of utmost importance in the maintenance of
homeostasis.
electrolytes - ✔✔inorganic compounds that dissociate into ions. Because
most solutes in body fluids are these, fluid balance is closely related to its
balance.
Sources of body water gain - ✔✔(ingestion, metabolic synthesis) main
sources of body water are ingested liquids and moist foods absorbed from
the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which total about 2300 mL/day. Other
source of water is metabolic water that is produced in the body mainly
when electrons are accepted by oxygen during aerobic respiration and to a
smaller extent during dehydration synthesis reactions.
sources of body water loss - ✔✔(kidneys, skin, lungs, GI tract) Each day the
kidneys excrete about 1500 mL in urine, the skin evaporates about 600 mL,
2
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, the lungs exhale about 300 mL as water vapour, and the gastrointestinal
tract eliminates about 100 mL in faeces.
Regulation of water gain - ✔✔volume of metabolic water formed in the
body depends entirely on the level of aerobic respiration, which reflects the
demand for ATP in body cells. When more ATP is produced, more water is
formed.
Body water gain is regulated mainly by the volume of water intake, or how
much fluid you drink. An area in the hypothalamus known as the thirst
centre governs the urge to drink.
Regulation of water and solute loss—hormones - ✔✔elimination of excess
body water or solutes occurs mainly by control of their loss in urine. The
extent of urinary salt (NaCl) loss is the main factor that determines body
fluid volume. Hormonal changes regulate the urinary loss of Na and Cl
ions, which in turn affects blood volume.
3
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