Criminology Unisa CMY1501 Actual Real Practice Exam Updated Questions And Detailed Answers.

Criminology - correct answer Is an applied discipline within the human science & its field of study includes the scientific study of crime, offenders & victims , the punishment of offenders & the prevention & control of crime The law - correct answer Consists of all forms of law (criminal law, common law). A law is a written status enacted by those legislative bodies that have the authority to make laws Common Law - correct answer Consist of legal rules that were not originally written down, but which have come to be accepted as the law of the land Criminal Law - correct answer Is made up of all legal rules that identify crimes & set down punishments Classical Criminology - correct answer The theoretical perspective suggesting that *people have free will to choose criminal or conventional behaviors *people choose to commit crime of reasons of greed or personal need. *crime can be controlled only by the fear of criminal sanctions Positivism - correct answer The branch of social science that uses the scientific method of the natural science & suggests that human behavior is a product of social, biological , psychological or economic forces. Postmodernist - correct answer Approach that focuses on the use of language by those in power to define crime based on their own values & biases. Feminist theory - correct answer Traditionally lower crime rate for woman could be explained by their "second-class" economic & social position. As woman's social roles changed & their lifestyles became more like those of males , it was believed that their crime rate would converge. Radical theory criminology - correct answer The view that crime is a product of the capitalist system. (Marxist criminology) Rational choice - correct answer The view that crime is a function of a decision-making process in which the potential offender weights up the potential costs & benefits of an illegal act. Social process approach - correct answer The view that criminal behavior is a function of people's interactions with various organizations, instructions & processes in society. Social structure approach - correct answer The approach concentrates on the social structure & organization of community, with the view that disadvantaged economic class position is a primary cause of crime. Crime - correct answer A violation of legal rules of behavior as interpreted & expressed by a criminal legal code created by people holding social & political power. Individuals who violate these rules are subject to sanctions by state authorities , social stigma & loss of status. Code of crime list - correct answer Is used for the classification of crime in SA & consists of 35 categories Official crime statistics - correct answer Statistical data compiled by the police, courts, corrections & routinely published by governments as indices of the extent of crime. Arson - correct answer Deliberately putting a structure on fire. Assault - correct answer An attack that may not involve physical contact; includes attempted battery or intentionally frightening the victim by word or deed Burglary - correct answer Breaking into & entering a home or structure for the purpose of committing a crime. Car hijacking - correct answer The forceful taking of another's motor vehicle by using violence, to command possession of it. Dark figure - correct answer The number of crimes that actually occur but are not recorded by the police Questionnaire - correct answer A series of questions or items about a single subject or a series of related issues that must be answered by a respondent. Questions can be used to measure aspects like attitudes & opinions & for collecting biographical information. In a structural questionnaire the answers options are provided. Self-report studies/ surveys - correct answer The self-report study is a means of collecting information about aspects of an individual's personal experience such as involvement in offending Victimization survey - correct answer This is a statistical survey that measures the amount , nature & patterns of victimization in the population Criminal - correct answer -Arrested & tried & found guilty of a particular crime. -have to be 18 to be tried as a adult Juvenile Delinquent - correct answer - 7 to 17 years juvenile - 18 to 20 young adults Liberal Feminist Approach - correct answer This perspective assumes that men & woman are denied opportunities to do the same things as men, including participation in crime. Differential Association - correct answer The concept of differential association is an attempt to account for the acquisition & maintenance of criminal behavior in terms of contract , or association, with particular environments & social groups. Violent Offenders - correct answer *Culturally violent offenders - exposed to their subcultures over a period of time. -limited education & limited social skills. *Criminally violent offenders -Economic & property related offenses , some cases financially offenses *Pathologically evident offenses - Mental illness or psychological abnormalities. *Situationally violent offenders - being close relatives, friends, school mates & so on. Motive & Motivation - correct answer -Inner drive that causes or compels a person to act. -Internal psychological processes or external object of desire that become a compelling force in a person's life. Internal Motives - correct answer Are factors inside the individual , such as needs, desires & interests which activate , maintain & direct behavior toward a particular goal. External events - correct answer Are environmental, social & cultural sources of motivation that have the capacity to energize & direct behavior & actions. Needs - correct answer Are conditions within the individual which are essential & necessary for the maintenance of life & for the nurturance of growth & wellbeing Emotion - correct answer "Short-lived subjective- physiological-functional - expressive phenomena that orchestrates how we react adaptively to the important events in our life." Cognitions - correct answer Refers to mental(intellectual) events. It guides & influences a person's way of thinking Criminogenic risk factors - correct answer - delinquency -offending -crime Somatotypes - correct answer Physic