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World Health Organization (WHO) Definition: HEALTH -
Correct Answers ✅"A state of complete physical, mental,
and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease
or infirmity."
Historical Viewpoint: Children - Correct Answers ✅**Prior
to the late 18th Century:
-Children were viewed as commodities or property
-Their role was to increase population and help with workload
-High rates of child mortality were common
**End of 19th century:
-Better understanding of cause of illnesses
-New public health efforts
-Milk pasteurization
-Compulsory vaccination programs
-Public schools were established
-Court viewed children as minors (not property!)
**19th and early 20th centuries:
-Urban public health improvements
-Improved sanitation, treated municipal drinking water, and
hygiene awareness
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-Growth of public health initiatives
-Growing knowledge
-Nutrition, sanitation, bacteriology, pharmacology, and
psychology
**End of 20th century:
-New antibiotics and vaccines
-Increased survival rates
-Increase in chronic versus acute illness
-Biotechnology and genetic research
Focus of National and International Organizations to Protect
Child Rights - Correct Answers ✅-Violence and abuse
-Child labor and soldiering
-Juvenile justice
-Child immigrants and orphaned children
-Abandoned or homeless children
FALSE: World Health Organization defined health as "a state
of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity." - Correct
Answers ✅T/F: In 2018, the World Health Organization
defined health solely as "an absence of disease or infirmity."
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Evolution/Landmark Years of Pediatric Nursing - Correct
Answers ✅-1870: First pediatric professorship awarded to
Abraham Jacobim MD
-1900: Henry Street Settlement House established by Lillian
Wald RN (first public health nurse)
-1902: Lina Rogers, RN, appointed as first full-time public
school nurse (salary paid by the Henry Street Settlement)
-1960s: Pediatric nurse practitioner role developed (first NPs)
-1980s: Maternal and child health standards developed by
ANA
U.S. Surgeon General: HEALTHY PEOPLE - Correct Answers
✅-Set national objectives and metrics for monitoring
progress toward goals
-Revised every 10 years
**Healthy People 2030:
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Comprehensive health promotion and disease prevention
agenda working to improve quantity and quality of life for
Americans
Mortality - Correct Answers ✅-Number of individuals who
have died over a specific period (can be overall or from
specific cause)
-Presented in rates per unit of population (usually 1,000 or
more)
-Infant mortality often used as indirect measure of the
general health of a population
*"How DEAD you are"
Morbidity - Correct Answers ✅-Measure of prevalence of
disease or degree of disability in a population at a particular
time (e.g., days lost from school due to a particular problem)
-Presented as a rate per unit of population
**"How SICK you are"/measure disease