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2024_OCR: A Level Classical Civilisation H408/23 Invention of the Barbarian (Merged Question Paper & Marking Scheme)

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2024_OCR: A Level Classical Civilisation H408/23 Invention of the Barbarian (Merged Question Paper & Marking Scheme) Key Areas to Revise: 1. The Concept of the 'Barbarian' o Definition and Origins: Understand the Greek term barbaros, which was used to describe people who were considered ...

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2024_OCR: A Level Classical Civilisation H408/23 Invention of the Barbarian
(Merged Question Paper & Marking Scheme)

Key Areas to Revise:

1. The Concept of the 'Barbarian'
o Definition and Origins: Understand the Greek term barbaros, which was used to describe
people who were considered uncivilized or outside Greek culture. The term originally
referred to foreign languages (babbling sounds), but it later became associated with anyone
who did not share Greek customs and language.
2. Greek Views on Barbarians
o Greek Mythology and the Barbarian: Explore how myths and legends portrayed
barbarians, such as the Trojans and other non-Greek peoples, often highlighting their
differences from Greeks in terms of customs, behavior, and physical characteristics.
3. The Greek and Persian Wars
o Battle of Marathon and Salamis: Study how the Greeks framed the Persian threat as the
ultimate battle between Greek civilization (logos) and barbarism (chaos), particularly in
events like the Battle of Marathon and the naval Battle of Salamis.
4. Roman Views on Barbarians
o Roman Conquests and Integration: Analyze how the Romans, as they expanded their
empire, encountered a wide variety of different cultures. While they initially viewed many
of these peoples as "barbarians," the Romans often sought to integrate these groups into
the empire through conquest, diplomacy, and cultural assimilation.
5. The Barbarian as a Political Tool
o Barbarians as a Symbol: Examine how the idea of the barbarian was used politically in
both Greek and Roman societies, often as a way to rally people to defend their civilization
against external threats. The "barbarian" was often used as a scapegoat for internal social
or political problems.
6. The Role of the 'Barbarian' in Literature and Art
o Greek Drama and Tragedy: Study how playwrights such as Euripides and Aeschylus
portrayed barbarians in plays like The Persians and Iphigenia in Aulis, often emphasizing
the contrast between Greek and barbarian cultures.
7. Barbarians as a Threat and an Opportunity
o Barbarians as a Military Threat: Explore how various barbarian groups (e.g., Gauls,
Goths, Huns) were seen as external threats to both Greece and Rome. Focus on key
invasions such as the sacking of Rome by the Visigoths in 410 AD and the eventual fall of
the Western Roman Empire.
8. The Evolution of the Barbarian Concept: From Enemy to Ruler: Study how the concept of the
barbarian evolved in the context of the later Roman Empire and the rise of the so-called "barbarian
kingdoms" (e.g., the Ostrogoths, Vandals, and Franks).

, Oxford Cambridge and RSA


Monday 20 May 2024 – Afternoon
A Level Classical Civilisation
H408/23 Invention of the Barbarian
Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes
*1340968472*




You must have:
• the OCR 12-page Answer Booklet




INSTRUCTIONS
• Use black ink.
• Write your answer to each question in the Answer Booklet. The question numbers must
be clearly shown.
• Fill in the boxes on the front of the Answer Booklet.
• Answer all the questions in Section A and one question in Section B.

INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 75.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets [ ].
• Quality of extended response will be assessed in questions marked with an asterisk (*).
• This document has 4 pages.

ADVICE
• Read each question carefully before you start your answer.




© OCR 2024 [603/0726/2] OCR is an exempt Charity
DC (ST) 339616/2 Turn over

, 2

Section A

Start your answer to each 10, 20 and 30 mark question on a new page.


Source A
Attic red figure krater, attributed to Euphronios




1 Who are Herakles and the Greeks shown fighting in Source A? [1]


2 Give two details from Source A which tell us that the central figure is Herakles. [2]


3 Using details from Source A, explain how the viewer can differentiate between the Greeks and
their enemies. [10]




© OCR 2024 H408/23 Jun24

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