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2024_OCR: A Level Classical Civilisation H408/11.The World of the Hero (Merged Question Paper & Marking Scheme)
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2024_OCR: A Level Classical Civilisation H408/11.The World of the Hero (Merged Question Paper & Marking Scheme) Key Areas to Revise: 1. Epic Heroes and Their Qualities o Heroic Code: Understand the traits of a hero in ancient Greek literature, such as bravery, honor, strength, and the pu...

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2024_OCR: A Level Classical Civilisation H408/11.The World of the Hero
(Merged Question Paper & Marking Scheme)

Key Areas to Revise:

1. Epic Heroes and Their Qualities
o Heroic Code: Understand the traits of a hero in ancient Greek literature, such as bravery, honor,
strength, and the pursuit of glory. Focus on how heroes like Achilles and Aeneas embody these
ideals.
o Divine Influence: Study how gods play a significant role in the lives of heroes, guiding or
hindering their actions, and the concept of divine intervention in the hero's journey.
2. Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey
o Themes in the Iliad: Study key themes such as honor, rage, mortality, and fate. Focus on the
conflict between Achilles and Agamemnon, the concept of heroic honor, and the impact of death in
war.
3. Virgil’s Aeneid
o Aeneas as a Roman Hero: Explore how Aeneas represents Roman values, particularly pietas (duty
to family, country, and gods). Study his journey to establish a new homeland and his eventual role
in founding Rome.
4. Greek Heroism and Society
o The Role of Greek Heroes: Understand the significance of heroes in Greek society, particularly
their role in reinforcing social values like bravery, strength, and loyalty to the polis (city-state).
5. The Hero's Journey: Structure and Stages
o Heroic Quest: Review Joseph Campbell’s concept of the Hero's Journey and how it applies to the
stories of Homeric and Virgilian heroes. Focus on stages such as the call to adventure, trials, and
return.
o Trials and Transformation: Examine how the trials faced by heroes (such as Odysseus'
encounters with monsters or Aeneas' battles) serve as catalysts for personal growth and
transformation.
6. Moral and Ethical Questions in Heroic Literature
o Heroism and Morality: Discuss the ethical dilemmas faced by heroes, such as the choice between
personal desires and duty (e.g., Achilles’ rage and Aeneas’ sacrifice of Dido).
o .
7. Comparing Greek and Roman Heroes
o Greek vs. Roman Heroism: Compare the Greek conception of heroism (individual glory and
honor) with Roman ideals (duty to the state and future generations). Focus on how heroes like
Achilles and Aeneas embody these contrasting values.
8. The Legacy of Heroes
o Heroic Legacy in Culture: Study the lasting impact of hero myths on later cultures, including how
figures like Hercules and Achilles were used as models of virtue and strength in both Greek and
Roman societies.

, Oxford Cambridge and RSA


Tuesday 14 May 2024 – Afternoon
A Level Classical Civilisation
H408/11 The World of the Hero
Time allowed: 2 hours 30 minutes
*1340059923*




You must have:
• the OCR 12‑ page Answer Booklet




INSTRUCTIONS
• Use black ink.
• Write your answer to each question in the Answer Booklet. The question numbers must
be clearly shown.
• Fill in the boxes on the front of the Answer Booklet.
• This question paper has three sections:
Section A – Homer: Answer either all the questions on Iliad or all the questions on
Odyssey.
Section B – Virgil: Answer all the questions.
Section C – Homer and Virgil: Answer Question 7 and one question from Questions 8, 9
and 10.

INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 100.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets [ ].
• Quality of extended response will be assessed in questions marked with an asterisk (*).
• This document has 8 pages.

ADVICE
• Read each question carefully before you start your answer.




© OCR 2024 [603/0726/2] OCR is an exempt Charity
DC (ST) 336515/2 Turn over

, 2

Section A
Homer

Answer all the questions on the text you have studied.

Homer’s Iliad

Choose one translation of the Iliad and answer the questions.

Passage A
Homer, Iliad, 17.198–215, 223–235

When from afar Zeus who marshals the clouds saw Hector equipping himself in the arms of
godlike Achilles, he shook his head and said to himself:

‘Unhappy man! Little knowing how close you are to death, you are putting on the
imperishable armour of a mighty man of war, before whom all others tremble. And it was you
that killed his comrades, brave and gentle Patroclus, and improperly stripped the armour 5
from his head and shoulders. Well, for the moment at any rate I grant you supremacy. But
you must pay for it. There will be no homecoming for you from the battle, and your wife
Andromache will never take the famous armour of Achilles from your hands.’

The son of Cronus spoke and nodded his sable brows in confirmation.

The armour fitted Hector’s body well, the savage spirit of the terrible War‑ god now entered 10
him and power and fresh vigour filled his limbs. Uttering his piercing war‑ cry, he went in
search of his renowned allies and presented himself before all of them, resplendent in the
armour of great‑ hearted Achilles. To rouse their spirits he went up and spoke to each of them
in turn…

‘…What I wanted was men who would be fully committed to fighting the war‑ loving Greeks 15
in defence of the women and little children of Troy. That is why I impoverish my own people
by demanding they supply you with gifts and provisions and so keep your courage high.

‘Turn, then, and straight at the enemy, every one of you, to live or die! That is the intimacy
of battle. To the man who forces Ajax back and brings Patroclus, dead though he is, into the
Trojan lines, I will give half the spoils, keeping the other half myself, so that he will share the 20
glory equally with me.’

So he spoke, and they lifted their spears and charged at the Greeks with full force, filled with
high hopes of retrieving the body from Ajax son of Telamon.

Translation: E.V. Rieu




© OCR 2024 H408/11 Jun24

, 3

OR

When Zeus the Cloud‑ Gatherer, from afar, saw Hector donning godlike Achilles’ armour,
he shook his head and murmured: ‘Unhappy man, cladding your body with the imperishable
battle‑ gear of a mighty warrior before whom all others quail: blind you are to the death that
inexorably nears you. You it is that killed his great and generous companion, and irreverently
stripped him of that prize. Yes, I will grant you power enough for now, but you must pay, there 5
will be no homecoming for you, nor will Andromache receive Achilles’ glorious armour from
your hands.’

And the son of Cronos nodded his head, with its dark eyebrows, while subtly moulding the
armour to Hector’s body. Now the spirit of Ares the war‑ god, dread Enyalius, entered him,
filling him with courage and strengthening his limbs, and Hector, uttering his loud war‑ cry, 10
re‑ joined the ranks of his glorious allies, and showed himself to all in the glittering armour of
brave Peleus’ son. He spoke to each general, inspiring him to battle…

‘ .. you were keen to defend the women and children of Troy from the fierce Achaeans, and
to that purpose I spend my people’s wealth in gifts for you, and provisions, to maintain your
strength and courage. So let every man attack the enemy, to live or die, that is the task of 15
war. I will share half the spoils with whichever of you drives Ajax off, and drags Patroclus’
corpse into the ranks of us horse‑ taming Trojans, and I’ll share the glory with him too.’

At this, with spears extended, they charged full tilt at the Danaans, with high hopes, in their
folly, of dragging the corpse away from Telamonian Ajax!

Translation: A.S. Kline



1 Explain how Hector is shown in a heroic way in Passage A.

Use references to the passage to support your answer. [10]


2* Discuss what you have learned about fate from your study of the Iliad. Explain what the existence
of fate adds to the epic.

You may use Passage A as a starting point, and your knowledge of the Iliad in your answer. [20]




© OCR 2024 H408/11 Jun24 Turn over

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