BIO 669 EXAM 2 – hematology UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
A patient's anemia is described as having erythrocytes that demonstrate poikilocytosis. The nurse
would recognize the erythrocytes would be: - CORRECT ANSWER - able to assume
various shapes.
R: Poikilocytosis means the erythrocytes are able to assume various shapes; it does not refer to
color, size, and life span.
A newborn is diagnosed with congenital intrinsic factor deficiency. Which of the following types
of anemia will the nurse see documented on the chart? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Pernicious
R:A lack of the intrinsic factor leads to pernicious anemia. Iron deficiency anemia is not related
to the intrinsic factor. Pernicious anemia is due to the lack of the intrinsic factor; sideroblastic
anemia is not related to the intrinsic factor. Hemolytic anemia results from destruction of cells.
When a nurse is reviewing lab results and notices that the erythrocytes contain an abnormally
low concentration of hemoglobin, the nurse calls these erythrocytes: - CORRECT
ANSWER - hypochromic
R: Hypochromic erythrocytes have low concentrations of hemoglobin. Hyperchromic
erythrocytes have high concentrations of hemoglobin. Macrocytic and microcytic refer to cell
size.
A 5-year-old was diagnosed with normocytic-normochromic anemia. Which type of anemia does
the nurse suspect the patient has? - CORRECT ANSWER - Hemolytic
, R:Hemolytic anemia is an example of normocytic-normochromic anemia. Sideroblastic anemia
is an example of microcytic hypochromic anemia. Pernicious anemia is an example of a
macrocytic anemia. Iron deficiency anemia is an example of microcytic hypochromic anemia.
After initial compensation, what hemodynamic change should the nurse monitor for in a patient
who has a reduction in the number of circulating erythrocytes? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Hyperdynamic circulatory state
R: After initial compensation, the blood flows faster and more turbulently than normal blood,
causing a hyperdynamic circulatory state. Blood viscosity decreases rather than increases.
Cardiac output increases. Alteration in coagulation does not occur.
A 25-year-old female has a heavy menses during which she loses a profuse amount of blood.
Which of the following adaptations should the nurse expect? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Peripheral vasoconstriction
R:When the anemia is severe or acute in onset (e.g., hemorrhage), the initial compensatory
mechanism is peripheral blood vessel constriction, diverting blood flow to essential vital organs.
Fluid moves into the vascular space, not the cell. Blood volume increases; thus, cardiac output
increases. There is an increase in hemoglobin release of oxygen.
A 60-year-old patient diagnosed with emphysema experiences a rapid and pounding heart,
dizziness, and fatigue with exertion. Which respiratory assessment findings indicate the
respiratory system is compensating for the increased oxygen demand? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Increased rate and depth of breathing
R: The rate and depth of breathing increase in an effort to increase oxygen availability
accompanied by an increase in the release of oxygen from hemoglobin. Bronchodilation occurs,
not constriction. Dyspnea is not a compensatory mechanism but a side effect of the body's
attempt to increase oxygen. The respiratory system does not activate the renin-angiotensin
response; the kidneys are involved.
A 2-year-old malnourished child is diagnosed with vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies. A blood
smear suggests the deficiency is macrocytic and normochromic. The nurse would expect the
hemoglobin to be: - CORRECT ANSWER - normal.
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
A patient's anemia is described as having erythrocytes that demonstrate poikilocytosis. The nurse
would recognize the erythrocytes would be: - CORRECT ANSWER - able to assume
various shapes.
R: Poikilocytosis means the erythrocytes are able to assume various shapes; it does not refer to
color, size, and life span.
A newborn is diagnosed with congenital intrinsic factor deficiency. Which of the following types
of anemia will the nurse see documented on the chart? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Pernicious
R:A lack of the intrinsic factor leads to pernicious anemia. Iron deficiency anemia is not related
to the intrinsic factor. Pernicious anemia is due to the lack of the intrinsic factor; sideroblastic
anemia is not related to the intrinsic factor. Hemolytic anemia results from destruction of cells.
When a nurse is reviewing lab results and notices that the erythrocytes contain an abnormally
low concentration of hemoglobin, the nurse calls these erythrocytes: - CORRECT
ANSWER - hypochromic
R: Hypochromic erythrocytes have low concentrations of hemoglobin. Hyperchromic
erythrocytes have high concentrations of hemoglobin. Macrocytic and microcytic refer to cell
size.
A 5-year-old was diagnosed with normocytic-normochromic anemia. Which type of anemia does
the nurse suspect the patient has? - CORRECT ANSWER - Hemolytic
, R:Hemolytic anemia is an example of normocytic-normochromic anemia. Sideroblastic anemia
is an example of microcytic hypochromic anemia. Pernicious anemia is an example of a
macrocytic anemia. Iron deficiency anemia is an example of microcytic hypochromic anemia.
After initial compensation, what hemodynamic change should the nurse monitor for in a patient
who has a reduction in the number of circulating erythrocytes? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Hyperdynamic circulatory state
R: After initial compensation, the blood flows faster and more turbulently than normal blood,
causing a hyperdynamic circulatory state. Blood viscosity decreases rather than increases.
Cardiac output increases. Alteration in coagulation does not occur.
A 25-year-old female has a heavy menses during which she loses a profuse amount of blood.
Which of the following adaptations should the nurse expect? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Peripheral vasoconstriction
R:When the anemia is severe or acute in onset (e.g., hemorrhage), the initial compensatory
mechanism is peripheral blood vessel constriction, diverting blood flow to essential vital organs.
Fluid moves into the vascular space, not the cell. Blood volume increases; thus, cardiac output
increases. There is an increase in hemoglobin release of oxygen.
A 60-year-old patient diagnosed with emphysema experiences a rapid and pounding heart,
dizziness, and fatigue with exertion. Which respiratory assessment findings indicate the
respiratory system is compensating for the increased oxygen demand? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Increased rate and depth of breathing
R: The rate and depth of breathing increase in an effort to increase oxygen availability
accompanied by an increase in the release of oxygen from hemoglobin. Bronchodilation occurs,
not constriction. Dyspnea is not a compensatory mechanism but a side effect of the body's
attempt to increase oxygen. The respiratory system does not activate the renin-angiotensin
response; the kidneys are involved.
A 2-year-old malnourished child is diagnosed with vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies. A blood
smear suggests the deficiency is macrocytic and normochromic. The nurse would expect the
hemoglobin to be: - CORRECT ANSWER - normal.
