PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION M CCANCE TEST BANK
z z z z z
McCance and Huether’s, Pathophysiology:The Biologic Basis
for Disease in Adults and Children,9TH
ED(PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 9TH EDITION)
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION M CCANCE TEST BANK z z z z z
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
z z z z
z
MULTIPLE CHOICE z z
z
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
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a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
z z z z z z z z z z z z
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. zd. Cells can synthesize fats.
z z z z z z z z z
z
z
ANS: C z z
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their surr
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
oundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic a
z z z z z z z z z z z z z
bsorption. z
z
PTS: 1 z z REF: Page 2 z z z
z
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus z z z
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome z z z
z
z
ANS: C z z
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most o
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
f the cellular DNA, and the DNA-
z z z z z z
binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not con
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
tain most of a cell’s genetic information.
z z z z z z z
z
PTS: 1 z z REF: Page 2 z z z
z
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H NURSINGTB.COM
z z z z z z z z
2 O 2 ) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reac
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
tion? z
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes z z z
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes z z z
z
z
ANS: B z z
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove h
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
ydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2 O2 , which is a
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes.
z z z z z z z z z z z z z
Ribosomes are RNA- z z
protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the
z z z z z z z z z z z z z
cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes a
z z z z z z z z z z z z
re saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carboh
z z z z z z z z z z z z
ydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
z z z z z z z
z
PTS: 1 z z REF: Page 8 z z z
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION M CCANCE TEST BANK z z z z z
z
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell injury?
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
z
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum z z z z z
b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes z z z z
z
z
ANS: D z z
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes
z z z z z z z z z z z z z
within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix.
z z z z z z z z z z z z z
Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the ly
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
sosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-
z z z z z z z z z z z z
digestion. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
z z z z z z z z z z
z
PTS: 1 z z REF: Pages 7-8 z z z
z
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the pancreas cells fro
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
m the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
z z z z z z z z z z
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.
z z z z z z z z z z z z z
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the lysosome for
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated membrane to the cell membrane.
z z z z z z z z z z z z z
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome fo
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
r synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
z z z z z z z z z z z z
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
z
z
ANS: A z z
The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for syn
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
thesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane. The other options do not
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
correctly describe this process. z z z z
z NURSINGTB.COM
PTS: 1 z z REF: Page 7 | Figure 1-5 z z z z z z z
z
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
z z z z z z z z z z
a. G1 c. G2 z z z
b. S d. M z z z
z
z
ANS: B z z
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the period
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase (S = synthe
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
sis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which RNA
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of DNA synthesis and the ne
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
xt phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
z
PTS: 1 z z REF: Page 37 z z z
z
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as receptors,
z z z z z z z z z z z
transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
z z z z z z z z z z z
a. Lipids c. Proteins z z z
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates z z z
z
z
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION M CCANCE TEST BANK z z z z z
ANS: C z z
Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances moving in and out o
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
f the cell; (2) pores or transport channels for various electrically charged particles called ions o
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
r electrolytes and specific carriers for amino acids and monosaccharides; and (3) specific enzy
z z z z z z z z z z z z z
mes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certain ions, particularly potass
z z z z z z z z z z z z z
ium (K +), within the cell while keeping concentrations of other ions, for example, sodium (Na
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
+), below the concentrations found in the extracellular environment. The other options do not c
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
orrectly describe this process. z z z z
z
PTS: 1 z z REF: Page 13 | Page 15 z z z z z z z
z
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase- z z z z z z z z z
mediated apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for whi
z z z z z z z z z z z z z
ch human diseases?
z z z
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders z z z z
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders z z z z
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders z z z z
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders z z z z
z
z
ANS: B z z
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug intervent
z z z z z z z z z z z z z
ions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human diseases, including can
z z z z z z z z z z z
cer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. The other options do not correctly descri
z z z z z z z z z z z
be this process.
z z z
z
PTS: 1 z z REF: Page 15 z z z
z
9. Which structure prevents water-
z z z
soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma membrane?
z z z z z z z z z NURSINGTB.COM
a. Carbohydrate chains z z c. Membrane channel proteins
z z z z
b. Glycoprotein channels z z d. Lipid bilayer
z z z
z
z
ANS: D z z
The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the plasma membrane. It i
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
s impermeable to most water-
z z z z
soluble molecules (molecules that dissolve in water) because the water-
z z z z z z z z z
soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to the dif
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
fusion of water and hydrophilic substances while allowing lipid-
z z z z z z z z
soluble molecules, such as oxygen (O2 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), to diffuse through it readily
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
z z z z z z z z z z
z
PTS: 1 z z REF: Pages 12-13 z z z
z
10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
z z z z z
a. How a cell membrane functions z z z z z
b. Why our bodies appear to be solid z z z z z z z
c. How tissue is differentiated z z z z
d. How fluid moves between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
z z z z z z z z z
z
z
ANS: A z z
NURSINGTB.COM
z z z z z
McCance and Huether’s, Pathophysiology:The Biologic Basis
for Disease in Adults and Children,9TH
ED(PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 9TH EDITION)
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION M CCANCE TEST BANK z z z z z
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
z z z z
z
MULTIPLE CHOICE z z
z
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
z z z z z z z z z z
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
z z z z z z z z z z z z
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. zd. Cells can synthesize fats.
z z z z z z z z z
z
z
ANS: C z z
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their surr
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
oundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic a
z z z z z z z z z z z z z
bsorption. z
z
PTS: 1 z z REF: Page 2 z z z
z
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus z z z
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome z z z
z
z
ANS: C z z
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most o
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
f the cellular DNA, and the DNA-
z z z z z z
binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not con
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
tain most of a cell’s genetic information.
z z z z z z z
z
PTS: 1 z z REF: Page 2 z z z
z
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H NURSINGTB.COM
z z z z z z z z
2 O 2 ) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reac
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
tion? z
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes z z z
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes z z z
z
z
ANS: B z z
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove h
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
ydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2 O2 , which is a
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes.
z z z z z z z z z z z z z
Ribosomes are RNA- z z
protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the
z z z z z z z z z z z z z
cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes a
z z z z z z z z z z z z
re saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carboh
z z z z z z z z z z z z
ydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
z z z z z z z
z
PTS: 1 z z REF: Page 8 z z z
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION M CCANCE TEST BANK z z z z z
z
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell injury?
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
z
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum z z z z z
b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes z z z z
z
z
ANS: D z z
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes
z z z z z z z z z z z z z
within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix.
z z z z z z z z z z z z z
Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the ly
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
sosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-
z z z z z z z z z z z z
digestion. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
z z z z z z z z z z
z
PTS: 1 z z REF: Pages 7-8 z z z
z
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the pancreas cells fro
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
m the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
z z z z z z z z z z
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.
z z z z z z z z z z z z z
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the lysosome for
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated membrane to the cell membrane.
z z z z z z z z z z z z z
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome fo
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
r synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
z z z z z z z z z z z z
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
z
z
ANS: A z z
The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for syn
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
thesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane. The other options do not
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
correctly describe this process. z z z z
z NURSINGTB.COM
PTS: 1 z z REF: Page 7 | Figure 1-5 z z z z z z z
z
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
z z z z z z z z z z
a. G1 c. G2 z z z
b. S d. M z z z
z
z
ANS: B z z
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the period
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase (S = synthe
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
sis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which RNA
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of DNA synthesis and the ne
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
xt phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
z
PTS: 1 z z REF: Page 37 z z z
z
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as receptors,
z z z z z z z z z z z
transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
z z z z z z z z z z z
a. Lipids c. Proteins z z z
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates z z z
z
z
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION M CCANCE TEST BANK z z z z z
ANS: C z z
Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances moving in and out o
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
f the cell; (2) pores or transport channels for various electrically charged particles called ions o
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
r electrolytes and specific carriers for amino acids and monosaccharides; and (3) specific enzy
z z z z z z z z z z z z z
mes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certain ions, particularly potass
z z z z z z z z z z z z z
ium (K +), within the cell while keeping concentrations of other ions, for example, sodium (Na
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
+), below the concentrations found in the extracellular environment. The other options do not c
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
orrectly describe this process. z z z z
z
PTS: 1 z z REF: Page 13 | Page 15 z z z z z z z
z
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase- z z z z z z z z z
mediated apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for whi
z z z z z z z z z z z z z
ch human diseases?
z z z
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders z z z z
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders z z z z
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders z z z z
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders z z z z
z
z
ANS: B z z
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug intervent
z z z z z z z z z z z z z
ions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human diseases, including can
z z z z z z z z z z z
cer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. The other options do not correctly descri
z z z z z z z z z z z
be this process.
z z z
z
PTS: 1 z z REF: Page 15 z z z
z
9. Which structure prevents water-
z z z
soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma membrane?
z z z z z z z z z NURSINGTB.COM
a. Carbohydrate chains z z c. Membrane channel proteins
z z z z
b. Glycoprotein channels z z d. Lipid bilayer
z z z
z
z
ANS: D z z
The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the plasma membrane. It i
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
s impermeable to most water-
z z z z
soluble molecules (molecules that dissolve in water) because the water-
z z z z z z z z z
soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to the dif
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
fusion of water and hydrophilic substances while allowing lipid-
z z z z z z z z
soluble molecules, such as oxygen (O2 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), to diffuse through it readily
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
z z z z z z z z z z
z
PTS: 1 z z REF: Pages 12-13 z z z
z
10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
z z z z z
a. How a cell membrane functions z z z z z
b. Why our bodies appear to be solid z z z z z z z
c. How tissue is differentiated z z z z
d. How fluid moves between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
z z z z z z z z z
z
z
ANS: A z z
NURSINGTB.COM
