NR566-Advanced Pharmacology for
Care of the Family 2024/2025 Exam
Questions and Answers | A+ Score
Assured
β-lactam antibiotic MOA - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔All antibiotics in class share the
same mechanism of action: disruption of the bacterial cell wall.
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
Empiric Therapy - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔start treatment without cultures or prior to
receiving the results of a culture
immediate empiric antibiotics - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Critically ill patients receive
(Fill in the Answer) after the first set of cultures obtained; do not wait for
results.
Bactericidal antibiotics - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Directly kill bacteria: Agents
include aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, metronidazole,
most antimycobacterial agents, streptogramins, and vancomycin.
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 1
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,preferred for immunocompromised patients such as those with diabetes,
HIV, or cancer and for those who have overwhelming infections
Bacteriostatic agents - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔inhibit bacterial proliferation while
the host's immune system does the killing. Agents include clindamycin,
macrolides, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines
β-lactam Antibiotics - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Penicillins, Cephalosporins,
Carbapenems, Monobactams
Penicillins MOA - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Weaken bacterial cell wall by two actions:
(1) inhibition of transpeptidases
(2) disinhibition (activation) of autolysins.
PBPs (Penicillin Binding Proteins) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Transpeptidases,
Autolysins, and other bacterial enzymes are collectively named as because
antibiotic class must bind to them to produce antibacterial effects.
gram-positive bacteria - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔two layers: the cytoplasmic
membrane and a relatively thick cell wall; penicillins are generally very
active against these organisms.
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 2
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,gram-negative bacteria - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔three layers: the cytoplasmic
membrane, a relatively thin cell wall, and an additional outer membrane;
only certain penicillins (e.g., ampicillin) are able to cross and reach
penicillin binding proteins (PBPs)
Four Major Groups of Penicillins - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔(1) narrow-spectrum
penicillins that are penicillinase sensitive
(2) narrow-spectrum penicillins that are penicillinase resistant
(antistaphylococcal penicillins)
(3) broad-spectrum penicillins (aminopenicillins)
(4) extended-spectrum penicillins (antipseudomonal penicillins).
narrow-spectrum penicillins: Penicillinase sensitive penicillins - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Penicillin G, Penicillin V
narrow-spectrum penicillinase sensitive susceptible pathogens -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔Streptococci, Neisseria, anaerobes
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 3
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, very narrow antimicrobial spectrum and are used only against penicillinase-
producing strains of staphylococci (S. aureus and S. epidermidis). -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔narrow-spectrum penicillins: penicillinase resistant
penicillins
narrow-spectrum penicillins: penicillinase resistant penicillins - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Dicloxacillin
narrow-spectrum- penicillinase resistant susceptible pathogens -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔S. Aureus, S. Epidermidis
Drugs of choice for most staphylococcal infections - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔penicillinase-resistant penicillins (Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Dicloxacillin)
Broad spectrum Penicillin: Aminopenicillins - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Ampicillin,
Amoxicillin
Broad spectrum Aminopenicillin susceptible pathogens - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis,
enterococci, Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Extended spectrum penicillins (antipseudomonal penicillin) - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Piperacillin
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 4
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Care of the Family 2024/2025 Exam
Questions and Answers | A+ Score
Assured
β-lactam antibiotic MOA - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔All antibiotics in class share the
same mechanism of action: disruption of the bacterial cell wall.
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
Empiric Therapy - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔start treatment without cultures or prior to
receiving the results of a culture
immediate empiric antibiotics - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Critically ill patients receive
(Fill in the Answer) after the first set of cultures obtained; do not wait for
results.
Bactericidal antibiotics - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Directly kill bacteria: Agents
include aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, metronidazole,
most antimycobacterial agents, streptogramins, and vancomycin.
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 1
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,preferred for immunocompromised patients such as those with diabetes,
HIV, or cancer and for those who have overwhelming infections
Bacteriostatic agents - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔inhibit bacterial proliferation while
the host's immune system does the killing. Agents include clindamycin,
macrolides, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines
β-lactam Antibiotics - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Penicillins, Cephalosporins,
Carbapenems, Monobactams
Penicillins MOA - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Weaken bacterial cell wall by two actions:
(1) inhibition of transpeptidases
(2) disinhibition (activation) of autolysins.
PBPs (Penicillin Binding Proteins) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Transpeptidases,
Autolysins, and other bacterial enzymes are collectively named as because
antibiotic class must bind to them to produce antibacterial effects.
gram-positive bacteria - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔two layers: the cytoplasmic
membrane and a relatively thick cell wall; penicillins are generally very
active against these organisms.
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 2
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,gram-negative bacteria - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔three layers: the cytoplasmic
membrane, a relatively thin cell wall, and an additional outer membrane;
only certain penicillins (e.g., ampicillin) are able to cross and reach
penicillin binding proteins (PBPs)
Four Major Groups of Penicillins - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔(1) narrow-spectrum
penicillins that are penicillinase sensitive
(2) narrow-spectrum penicillins that are penicillinase resistant
(antistaphylococcal penicillins)
(3) broad-spectrum penicillins (aminopenicillins)
(4) extended-spectrum penicillins (antipseudomonal penicillins).
narrow-spectrum penicillins: Penicillinase sensitive penicillins - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Penicillin G, Penicillin V
narrow-spectrum penicillinase sensitive susceptible pathogens -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔Streptococci, Neisseria, anaerobes
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 3
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, very narrow antimicrobial spectrum and are used only against penicillinase-
producing strains of staphylococci (S. aureus and S. epidermidis). -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔narrow-spectrum penicillins: penicillinase resistant
penicillins
narrow-spectrum penicillins: penicillinase resistant penicillins - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Dicloxacillin
narrow-spectrum- penicillinase resistant susceptible pathogens -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔S. Aureus, S. Epidermidis
Drugs of choice for most staphylococcal infections - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔penicillinase-resistant penicillins (Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Dicloxacillin)
Broad spectrum Penicillin: Aminopenicillins - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Ampicillin,
Amoxicillin
Broad spectrum Aminopenicillin susceptible pathogens - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis,
enterococci, Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Extended spectrum penicillins (antipseudomonal penicillin) - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Piperacillin
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 4
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
