NUR 631 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
ALREADY GRADED A+ GUIDE LATEST 2025/2026 (NUR 631
EXAM 1 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY)
1. Shortly after being diagnosed with HIV, a client has begun highly active antiretroviral
therapy (HAART). The client asks, My doctor tells me that my viral load is going down.
What does that mean? The nurse's best response is:
Your HAART medications are working to slow the progression of the disease
2. The nurse caring for a population of HIV clients needs to be assessing for which
of the following diseases that amounts to the leading cause of death for people
with HIV?
A) Leukemia
B) Tuberculosis
C) Pneumonia
D) Toxoplasmosis
Ans: B
Feedback:
Although HIV-positive people can develop all types of cancer, have viral or bacterial
pneumonia, and be infected with the parasite that causes toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis is
the disease that leads to death most often. Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of
death for people with HIV infection worldwide and is often the first manifestation of
HIV infection. In 2011, 23% of those with TB tested positive for HIV.
3 HIV-positive persons who display manifestations of laboratory category 3 or clinical
category C are considered to have:
A) Zero viral load
B) Seroconversion
C) Complete remission
D) AIDS-defining illnesses
Ans: D
Feedback:
Laboratory category 3 and clinical category C are the most serious and indicate the
presence of AIDS-defining illnesses. Seroconversion is clinical category A; zero viral
load and remission could also be category A.
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4 A client was diagnosed as HIV positive several years ago. Which of the following
blood test results reflects the fact that the client now has developed AIDS?
, 350,000 platelets/mL
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, CD4+ T-cell count less than 200 cells/mL
Viral load 500,000 copies/mL
White blood cell count of 5300 cmm
B
Feedback:
CD4+ cell counts are the primary measure that is used for the staging of HIV infection.
Viral load, platelets, and leukocytes are also important assessments, but these are not
used to stage HIV.
5. A client with a diagnosis of aplastic anemia has undergone allogenic bone marrow
transplantation. Which of the following signs and symptoms would most clearly suggest
the existence of graft versus host disease (GVHD)?
A) Shortness of breath, audible crackles, and decreasing PaO2
B) Presence of a pruritic rash that has begun to slough off
C) Development of metabolic acidosis
D) Diaphoresis, fever, and anxiety
Ans: B
Feedback:
In cases of GVHD, there is development of a pruritic, maculopapular rash that begins on
the palms and soles and frequently extends over the entire body, with subsequent
desquamation. Respiratory complications are atypical, and neither metabolic acidosis
nor diaphoresis and fever are common.
6. A client with a diagnosis of cirrhosis has experienced an acute rejection of a donor liver.
Which of the following cells is responsible for the rejection of the client's transplanted
organ?
A) Natural killer cells
B) Mast cells
C) T cells
D) Neutrophils
Ans: C
Feedback:
Although different patterns of rejection exist, a general commonality is that T cells play
a central role in the process of rejection. Mast cells and leukocytes do not participate
directly in the physiology of rejection.
7. The clinic nurse suspects the client is having a genetically determined
hypersensitivity to common environmental allergens since the client is experiencing
which of the following clinical manifestations? Select all that apply.
A) Hives
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ALREADY GRADED A+ GUIDE LATEST 2025/2026 (NUR 631
EXAM 1 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY)
1. Shortly after being diagnosed with HIV, a client has begun highly active antiretroviral
therapy (HAART). The client asks, My doctor tells me that my viral load is going down.
What does that mean? The nurse's best response is:
Your HAART medications are working to slow the progression of the disease
2. The nurse caring for a population of HIV clients needs to be assessing for which
of the following diseases that amounts to the leading cause of death for people
with HIV?
A) Leukemia
B) Tuberculosis
C) Pneumonia
D) Toxoplasmosis
Ans: B
Feedback:
Although HIV-positive people can develop all types of cancer, have viral or bacterial
pneumonia, and be infected with the parasite that causes toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis is
the disease that leads to death most often. Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of
death for people with HIV infection worldwide and is often the first manifestation of
HIV infection. In 2011, 23% of those with TB tested positive for HIV.
3 HIV-positive persons who display manifestations of laboratory category 3 or clinical
category C are considered to have:
A) Zero viral load
B) Seroconversion
C) Complete remission
D) AIDS-defining illnesses
Ans: D
Feedback:
Laboratory category 3 and clinical category C are the most serious and indicate the
presence of AIDS-defining illnesses. Seroconversion is clinical category A; zero viral
load and remission could also be category A.
1
Page
4 A client was diagnosed as HIV positive several years ago. Which of the following
blood test results reflects the fact that the client now has developed AIDS?
, 350,000 platelets/mL
2
Page
, CD4+ T-cell count less than 200 cells/mL
Viral load 500,000 copies/mL
White blood cell count of 5300 cmm
B
Feedback:
CD4+ cell counts are the primary measure that is used for the staging of HIV infection.
Viral load, platelets, and leukocytes are also important assessments, but these are not
used to stage HIV.
5. A client with a diagnosis of aplastic anemia has undergone allogenic bone marrow
transplantation. Which of the following signs and symptoms would most clearly suggest
the existence of graft versus host disease (GVHD)?
A) Shortness of breath, audible crackles, and decreasing PaO2
B) Presence of a pruritic rash that has begun to slough off
C) Development of metabolic acidosis
D) Diaphoresis, fever, and anxiety
Ans: B
Feedback:
In cases of GVHD, there is development of a pruritic, maculopapular rash that begins on
the palms and soles and frequently extends over the entire body, with subsequent
desquamation. Respiratory complications are atypical, and neither metabolic acidosis
nor diaphoresis and fever are common.
6. A client with a diagnosis of cirrhosis has experienced an acute rejection of a donor liver.
Which of the following cells is responsible for the rejection of the client's transplanted
organ?
A) Natural killer cells
B) Mast cells
C) T cells
D) Neutrophils
Ans: C
Feedback:
Although different patterns of rejection exist, a general commonality is that T cells play
a central role in the process of rejection. Mast cells and leukocytes do not participate
directly in the physiology of rejection.
7. The clinic nurse suspects the client is having a genetically determined
hypersensitivity to common environmental allergens since the client is experiencing
which of the following clinical manifestations? Select all that apply.
A) Hives
3
Page
