NURS 6501 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY WALDEN
UNIVERSITY 2025 MIDTERM EXAM ACTUAL EXAM AND
PRACTICE EXAM | ACCURATE AND VERIFIED QUESTIONS
WITH DETAILED ANSWERS | GUARANTEED PASS | GRADED
A
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will
facilitate his continued muscle performance? - ANSWER-ANSWER: Anaerobic glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential? -
ANSWER-ANSWER: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the
membrane potential from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of the
following? - ANSWER-ANSWER: XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking for?
- ANSWER-ANSWER: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the
disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide? - ANSWER-ANSWER:
Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include regarding
cholesterol? - ANSWER-ANSWER: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the
erythrocyte, which reduces its ability to carry oxygen.
When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is
caused by an _____ gene - ANSWER-ANSWER: Autosomal recessive
infective endocarditis - ANSWER-inflammation of endothelium that lines heart and cardiac valves.
most commonly damages mitral valve, then aortic and tricuspid valves. commonly caused by bacteria
that are normally present in the body. can also occur after an invasive medical or dental procedure.
,symptoms: valvular dysfunction, may affect organ systems, chest pain, CHF, clubbing, meningitis, low
back pain, arthralgia, arthritis
myocarditis - ANSWER-inflammation of the myocardium with necrosis of cardiac myocytes
biopsy shows inflammatory infiltrate of the myocardium with lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils,
and granulomas
direct cardiomyocyte injury cased by an infectious or other cardiotoxic agent OR myocardial injury
caused by an autoimmune reaction to an infectious or cardiotoxic agent
aortic regurgitation - ANSWER-(aortic insufficiency) incompetent aortic valve that allows backward
flow of blood from the aorta into left ventricle during diastole
aortic stenosis - ANSWER-calcification of aortic valve cusps that restricts forward flow of blood
during systole
narrowing of the aortic valve, obstructing blood flow from the left ventricle to the ascending aorta
during systole
mitral regurgitation - ANSWER-mitral insufficiency; incompetent mitral valve allows regurgitation
of blood from the left ventricle back into left atrium during systole
mitral stenosis - ANSWER-narrowing of the mitral valve orifice that impedes blood flow from the
left atrium to the left vetricle
mitral valve prolapse - ANSWER-Improper closure of the valve between the heart's upper and
lower left chambers.
billowing of mitral valve leaflets into the left atrium during systole
, pulmonic regurgitation - ANSWER-pulmonic insufficiency; backflow of blood through incompetent
pulmonic valve into the right ventricle
causes blood from from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle during diastole
pulmonic stenosis - ANSWER-narrowing of the opening and valvular area between the pulmonary
artery and right ventricle
narrowing of the pulmonary outflow tract causing obstruction of blood flow from the right ventricle
to the pulmonary artery during systole
deep vein thrombosis - ANSWER-blood clot forms in a large vein, usually in a lower limb d/t
impaired venous return, endothelial injury or hypercoagulability
thrombi - ANSWER-__ consist of thrombin, fibrin, and red blood cells with few platelets and
without treatment can travel to the lungs causing PE
Hypertension - ANSWER-high blood pressure sustained SBP >130
BP= cardiac output x total peripheral vascular resistance (TPR)
HTN leads to ↑ CO, ↑ TPR
How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes? - ANSWER-ANSWER:
By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as: - ANSWER-
ANSWER: Sodium
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in: - ANSWER-ANSWER:
Reduced protein synthesis
UNIVERSITY 2025 MIDTERM EXAM ACTUAL EXAM AND
PRACTICE EXAM | ACCURATE AND VERIFIED QUESTIONS
WITH DETAILED ANSWERS | GUARANTEED PASS | GRADED
A
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will
facilitate his continued muscle performance? - ANSWER-ANSWER: Anaerobic glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential? -
ANSWER-ANSWER: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the
membrane potential from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of the
following? - ANSWER-ANSWER: XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking for?
- ANSWER-ANSWER: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the
disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide? - ANSWER-ANSWER:
Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include regarding
cholesterol? - ANSWER-ANSWER: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the
erythrocyte, which reduces its ability to carry oxygen.
When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is
caused by an _____ gene - ANSWER-ANSWER: Autosomal recessive
infective endocarditis - ANSWER-inflammation of endothelium that lines heart and cardiac valves.
most commonly damages mitral valve, then aortic and tricuspid valves. commonly caused by bacteria
that are normally present in the body. can also occur after an invasive medical or dental procedure.
,symptoms: valvular dysfunction, may affect organ systems, chest pain, CHF, clubbing, meningitis, low
back pain, arthralgia, arthritis
myocarditis - ANSWER-inflammation of the myocardium with necrosis of cardiac myocytes
biopsy shows inflammatory infiltrate of the myocardium with lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils,
and granulomas
direct cardiomyocyte injury cased by an infectious or other cardiotoxic agent OR myocardial injury
caused by an autoimmune reaction to an infectious or cardiotoxic agent
aortic regurgitation - ANSWER-(aortic insufficiency) incompetent aortic valve that allows backward
flow of blood from the aorta into left ventricle during diastole
aortic stenosis - ANSWER-calcification of aortic valve cusps that restricts forward flow of blood
during systole
narrowing of the aortic valve, obstructing blood flow from the left ventricle to the ascending aorta
during systole
mitral regurgitation - ANSWER-mitral insufficiency; incompetent mitral valve allows regurgitation
of blood from the left ventricle back into left atrium during systole
mitral stenosis - ANSWER-narrowing of the mitral valve orifice that impedes blood flow from the
left atrium to the left vetricle
mitral valve prolapse - ANSWER-Improper closure of the valve between the heart's upper and
lower left chambers.
billowing of mitral valve leaflets into the left atrium during systole
, pulmonic regurgitation - ANSWER-pulmonic insufficiency; backflow of blood through incompetent
pulmonic valve into the right ventricle
causes blood from from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle during diastole
pulmonic stenosis - ANSWER-narrowing of the opening and valvular area between the pulmonary
artery and right ventricle
narrowing of the pulmonary outflow tract causing obstruction of blood flow from the right ventricle
to the pulmonary artery during systole
deep vein thrombosis - ANSWER-blood clot forms in a large vein, usually in a lower limb d/t
impaired venous return, endothelial injury or hypercoagulability
thrombi - ANSWER-__ consist of thrombin, fibrin, and red blood cells with few platelets and
without treatment can travel to the lungs causing PE
Hypertension - ANSWER-high blood pressure sustained SBP >130
BP= cardiac output x total peripheral vascular resistance (TPR)
HTN leads to ↑ CO, ↑ TPR
How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes? - ANSWER-ANSWER:
By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as: - ANSWER-
ANSWER: Sodium
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in: - ANSWER-ANSWER:
Reduced protein synthesis
