CEN Exam 1 |Questions with Verified Answers & Detailed Rationale | Latest 2025/2026 Update | Grade A.

CEN Exam 1 |Questions with Verified i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-




Answers & Detailed Rationale | Latest i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-




2025/2026 Update | Grade A. i,- i,- i,- i,-




A 30-year-old man comes to the emergency department with the
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



acute onset of left flank pain radiating to the groin. Microscopic
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



hematuria is present on urinalysis. What is the most likely
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



diagnosis?


a.ureteral calcium oxalate calculus i,- i,- i,-




b.ureteral cystine calculus i,- i,-




c.testicular torsion i,-




d.cystitis A: Ureteral calculi are a quite common cause of
i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



acute emergency evaluation, usually causing flank pain with
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



radiation to the back and/or groin. About 75% of these are
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



calcium oxalate or phosphate; less common are struvite, uric acid,
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



or cystine calculi. While KUB or ultrasound may show the stone,
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



helical CT is now the preferred diagnostic method. Additional
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



workup includes CBC, chemistry panel, urinalysis, and straining of
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



urine to catch a passed stone for chemical analysis. Nursing
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



attention should be directed to intravenous hydration with input
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



and output recording and narcotic or narcotic plus NSAID (e.g.,
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



ketorolac) administration for pain. Some patients may be
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



discharged with analgesics and instructions for hydration and
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-

,calculus capture. Testicular torsion is most common in
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



adolescents and usually presents with testicular and groin pain
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



with abdominal radiation; increasing pain by lifting the scrotum
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



to the level of the pubic symphysis causes exacerbation of the
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



pain (Prehn sign). Cystitis may be infectious or drug-induced, but
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



cystitis usually causes dysuria and pyuria and shows positive urine
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



cultures.


Which of the following is NOT appropriate for screening for
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



domestic violence by the emergency department nurse?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-




a.asking if the person has been hit, kicked, or otherwise hurt by
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



someone in the past year; if so, by whom i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-




b.asking, "Do you feel safe in your present relationship?"
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-




c.avoid asking about intimate person violence if the patient is in
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



the emergency department for a medical ailment, not trauma
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-




d.asking if there is a partner from a previous relationship that
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



makes the individual feel unsafe
i,- C: Domestic violence, nearly
i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



always perpetrated against women, is a major problem
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



confronted by the emergency nurse. Screening for possible cases
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



should include answers A, B and D. Interestingly, victims of
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



intimate partner violence often present with a medical ailment,
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



not trauma. These include back, abdominal, or pelvic pain,
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



headaches, urinary infections, sexually transmitted disease, or
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



symptoms consistent with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



Sometimes evidence of old trauma such as healing fractures or
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



cosmetically concealed bruises may point toward the presence of i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-

, domestic violence. Many victims will deny it but sometimes
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



compassionate questioning in a private setting will elicit a i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



positive response. The nurse may then offer advice, refer to a
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



social agency or shelter, or ask for a consultation by the hospital
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



social worker.
i,-




Which dysrhythmia would be identified on an ECG/EKG six-
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



second strip by a heart rate of 76 and a PR interval of 0.24?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-




a.sinus tachycardia
i,-




b.first-degree atrioventricular block i,- i,-




c.sinus bradycardia
i,-




d.junctional escape rhythm B: First-degree atrioventricular
i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



block is diagnosed partially by an EKG showing a PR interval of
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



greater than 0.20 seconds.
i,- i,- i,-




Which blood test may indicate infection or inflammation and
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



would need to be used as part of the clinical picture with
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



diagnosing and treating abdominal pain?
i,- i,- i,- i,-




a.white blood cell (WBC) count of 5.0
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-




b.hematocrit (HCT) of 45 i,- i,- i,-




c.WBC count of 28.0
i,- i,- i,-




d.blood sugar (BS) of 74i,- C: An elevated WBC count would be
i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



indicative of infection or inflammation. The WBC count of 5.0 is
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-