©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2:49PM A+
BMP, Calcium, Magnesium, GFR, Cr
Clearance Exam Questions And Answers
|Latest 2025 | Guaranteed Pass.
BMP - Answer✔Basic Metabolic Panel
- multiple chemistry tests are grouped as a single profile for ease of ordering since this group of
tests are often all medically necessary
- includes electrolytes & tests of kidney function
BMP Includes: - Answer✔- Sodium (Na)
- Potassium (K)
- Chloride (Cl)
- Bicarb (HCO3)
- Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
- Serum Creatinine (Cr)
- Serum glucose (Glu)
- Total Calcium (Calcium)
Normal Sodium - Answer✔135-145 mEq/L or mmol/L
Critical Sodium - Answer✔<120 or >160
Sodium in the Body - Answer✔- Major cation in the extracellular space
- Responsible for extracellular osmolality
- Not much difference in Na levels for different ages
- Most Na will be in the blood stream instead of in cells
1
, ©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2:49PM A+
Sodium Balance - Answer✔- Aldosterone conserves Na by stimulating kidneys to reabsorb it
- Natriuretic hormone decreases renal absorption of Na & is stimulated by high Na levels
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) controls H20 reabsorption in the distal tubules affecting Na levels
by dilution or concentration
If the patient is receiving IVFs, what side do you draw blood from? - Answer✔The opposite side
Use red or green tube top
Hyponatremia - Answer✔Low Na in Blood Caused by:
- Decreased Na intake
- Deficient dietary intake or Na in IVFs
- Increased Na loss
- Addison's disease
- Diarrhea, vomiting
- Intraluminal bowel loss
- Diuretics
- Chronic renal insufficiency
- Increased free body water
- Excessive oral water intake
- Hyperglycemia
- CHF
- Ascites
- Peripheral edema
- SIADH (too much ADH)
How does an intraluminal bowel loss cause hyponatremia? - Answer✔An obstruction in the
bowel causes fluid to fill up and pulls Na out of cells b/c Na follows water
How does hyperglycemia cause hyponatremia? - Answer✔Diluting glucose also dilutes Na
Hypernatremia - Answer✔High Na in Blood Caused by:
- Increased Na Intake
- Increased dietary intake, excessive Na in IVFs
2
, ©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2:49PM A+
- Decreased Na Loss
- Cushing's Syndrome (too much steroid)
- Hyperaldosteronism
- Excessive free body water loss
- GI Loss
- Excessive sweating
- Extensive burns
- DI
- Osmotic diuresis
Hyponatremia Clinical Signs - Answer✔- Weakness
- Confusion
- Lethargy
- Eventual stupor --> coma
Hypernatremia Clinical Signs - Answer✔- Dry mucous membranes
- Thirst
- Agitation
- Restlessness
- Hyperreflexia
- Mania
- Convulsions
- Tachycardia
- Oliguria
Sodium Potassium Pump - Answer✔- Takes Na from inside cell to outside
- Takes K from outside cell to inside
- Uses ATP
Normal Potassium - Answer✔3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L or mmol/L
Critical Potassium - Answer✔<2.5 or >6.5
Is there difference in normal K levels by age groups? - Answer✔Yes
3
BMP, Calcium, Magnesium, GFR, Cr
Clearance Exam Questions And Answers
|Latest 2025 | Guaranteed Pass.
BMP - Answer✔Basic Metabolic Panel
- multiple chemistry tests are grouped as a single profile for ease of ordering since this group of
tests are often all medically necessary
- includes electrolytes & tests of kidney function
BMP Includes: - Answer✔- Sodium (Na)
- Potassium (K)
- Chloride (Cl)
- Bicarb (HCO3)
- Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
- Serum Creatinine (Cr)
- Serum glucose (Glu)
- Total Calcium (Calcium)
Normal Sodium - Answer✔135-145 mEq/L or mmol/L
Critical Sodium - Answer✔<120 or >160
Sodium in the Body - Answer✔- Major cation in the extracellular space
- Responsible for extracellular osmolality
- Not much difference in Na levels for different ages
- Most Na will be in the blood stream instead of in cells
1
, ©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2:49PM A+
Sodium Balance - Answer✔- Aldosterone conserves Na by stimulating kidneys to reabsorb it
- Natriuretic hormone decreases renal absorption of Na & is stimulated by high Na levels
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) controls H20 reabsorption in the distal tubules affecting Na levels
by dilution or concentration
If the patient is receiving IVFs, what side do you draw blood from? - Answer✔The opposite side
Use red or green tube top
Hyponatremia - Answer✔Low Na in Blood Caused by:
- Decreased Na intake
- Deficient dietary intake or Na in IVFs
- Increased Na loss
- Addison's disease
- Diarrhea, vomiting
- Intraluminal bowel loss
- Diuretics
- Chronic renal insufficiency
- Increased free body water
- Excessive oral water intake
- Hyperglycemia
- CHF
- Ascites
- Peripheral edema
- SIADH (too much ADH)
How does an intraluminal bowel loss cause hyponatremia? - Answer✔An obstruction in the
bowel causes fluid to fill up and pulls Na out of cells b/c Na follows water
How does hyperglycemia cause hyponatremia? - Answer✔Diluting glucose also dilutes Na
Hypernatremia - Answer✔High Na in Blood Caused by:
- Increased Na Intake
- Increased dietary intake, excessive Na in IVFs
2
, ©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2:49PM A+
- Decreased Na Loss
- Cushing's Syndrome (too much steroid)
- Hyperaldosteronism
- Excessive free body water loss
- GI Loss
- Excessive sweating
- Extensive burns
- DI
- Osmotic diuresis
Hyponatremia Clinical Signs - Answer✔- Weakness
- Confusion
- Lethargy
- Eventual stupor --> coma
Hypernatremia Clinical Signs - Answer✔- Dry mucous membranes
- Thirst
- Agitation
- Restlessness
- Hyperreflexia
- Mania
- Convulsions
- Tachycardia
- Oliguria
Sodium Potassium Pump - Answer✔- Takes Na from inside cell to outside
- Takes K from outside cell to inside
- Uses ATP
Normal Potassium - Answer✔3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L or mmol/L
Critical Potassium - Answer✔<2.5 or >6.5
Is there difference in normal K levels by age groups? - Answer✔Yes
3
