SPA 6565 Final Exam, Brand New
Exam Questions With 100%
Correct Answers, , All Graded
A+Latest Expert Premium
Update(2025-
2026)|>100%Guaranteed Success.
what is neurogenic dysphagia? - ANSWER✅✅ any issue with swallowing safely or
efficiently caused by a neurogenic disease
what are the causes of neurogenic dysphagia? - ANSWER✅✅ -Parkinson's
-Huntington's
-TBI
-CVA/stroke
-MS
-ALS
-Guillian-Barre Syndrome
-Alzheimer's
-Brain tumors
-Bulbar/Pseudobulbar Palsy
-Myathenia Gravis
-Neurotoxins
where can the location of the problem that causes dysphagia be (in neurogenic
dysphagia) - ANSWER✅✅ brain or CNS
-cerebral cortex
-midbrain/subcortical
,-corticobulbar tract
-brainstem
-cerebellum
-medulla
-meninges
-PNS/cranial nerves
what is an acute insult? - ANSWER✅✅ it happened all of a sudden
example of acute insult? - ANSWER✅✅ TBI/stroke
What are meninges? - ANSWER✅✅ membranes that cover the brain and spinal
cord; dura, arachnoid, Pia
What flows between the meninges - ANSWER✅✅ cerebral spinal fluid
what is a leak that can make blood go into the CSF (the CSF is already full which
creates more pressure and the collection of blood SPREADS)? - ANSWER✅✅
subarachnoid hemorrhage
What is bleeding of the arachnoid from up above that causes a collection of blood
that stays in just that area (easier to understand what the deficits might be)? -
ANSWER✅✅ subdural hematoma
what are the types of CVAs - ANSWER✅✅ hemorrhagic, ischemic
what is the higher brainstem - ANSWER✅✅ pons
what is the lower brainstem - ANSWER✅✅ medulla
What are the subcortical structures? - ANSWER✅✅ basal ganglia, thalamus,
cerebellum
the basal ganglia is a key part of ______ motor control of swallow - ANSWER✅✅
efferent
what does the basal ganglia do? - ANSWER✅✅ modulates motor signals coming
from the cortex and cerebellum; connects the cortex and other subcortical
structures
what controls posture, balance, and fine motor movement; motor movement -
ANSWER✅✅ cerebellum
T/f a cerebral stroke would not directly damage a nerve because the nerves are not
in the brain - ANSWER✅✅ true but it would impact them
how does the blood get from the heart to the brain? - ANSWER✅✅ arteries
, What is the PNS - ANSWER✅✅ all of the nervous system that isn't in the brain or
spinal cord
Are cranial nerves part of the CNS or PNS? - ANSWER✅✅ PNS
What artery is most often involved in strokes? - ANSWER✅✅ MCA
If the lesion is in the medulla/lower brainstem, what will the patient most likely
have difficulty with? - ANSWER✅✅ swallowing
What is the sequelae mainly dependent on? (2 things) - ANSWER✅✅ site of lesion;
extent of lesion (how bad it is)
In a stroke, what helps us to determine the sequelae? - ANSWER✅✅ -hemiparesis?
-oral acceptance?
-lingual/labial/velum strength and coordination
-sensory impairment?
-pharyngeal swallow timing
-reduced contraction
-reduced laryngeal excursion
-cognitive disturbances
would you do rehab, compensation, or both for a stroke victim ? - ANSWER✅✅
both
what are the 2 types of strokes? - ANSWER✅✅ -Hemorrhagic: bleeding in the brain
-Ischemic: blood vessel supplying the brain is blocked
______ is the #1 cause of neurologic dysphagia - ANSWER✅✅ stroke
t/f most stroke patients impove swallowing function in about 6 months -
ANSWER✅✅ true
are brain injuries normally simple or complex? - ANSWER✅✅ complex
what are the considerations of a brain injury? - ANSWER✅✅ -severity of damage
-open/closed injury
-multi-system trauma (did multiple things happen or just one)
-type of force that caused the damage
TBIs are easy to predict the outcomes of T/F - ANSWER✅✅ false- there is limited
evidence to assist in predictive outcomes
In a TBI, dysphagia is normally primary symptom T/F - ANSWER✅✅ False - normally
secondary to respiratory status, behavioral issues, and impulsivity
Exam Questions With 100%
Correct Answers, , All Graded
A+Latest Expert Premium
Update(2025-
2026)|>100%Guaranteed Success.
what is neurogenic dysphagia? - ANSWER✅✅ any issue with swallowing safely or
efficiently caused by a neurogenic disease
what are the causes of neurogenic dysphagia? - ANSWER✅✅ -Parkinson's
-Huntington's
-TBI
-CVA/stroke
-MS
-ALS
-Guillian-Barre Syndrome
-Alzheimer's
-Brain tumors
-Bulbar/Pseudobulbar Palsy
-Myathenia Gravis
-Neurotoxins
where can the location of the problem that causes dysphagia be (in neurogenic
dysphagia) - ANSWER✅✅ brain or CNS
-cerebral cortex
-midbrain/subcortical
,-corticobulbar tract
-brainstem
-cerebellum
-medulla
-meninges
-PNS/cranial nerves
what is an acute insult? - ANSWER✅✅ it happened all of a sudden
example of acute insult? - ANSWER✅✅ TBI/stroke
What are meninges? - ANSWER✅✅ membranes that cover the brain and spinal
cord; dura, arachnoid, Pia
What flows between the meninges - ANSWER✅✅ cerebral spinal fluid
what is a leak that can make blood go into the CSF (the CSF is already full which
creates more pressure and the collection of blood SPREADS)? - ANSWER✅✅
subarachnoid hemorrhage
What is bleeding of the arachnoid from up above that causes a collection of blood
that stays in just that area (easier to understand what the deficits might be)? -
ANSWER✅✅ subdural hematoma
what are the types of CVAs - ANSWER✅✅ hemorrhagic, ischemic
what is the higher brainstem - ANSWER✅✅ pons
what is the lower brainstem - ANSWER✅✅ medulla
What are the subcortical structures? - ANSWER✅✅ basal ganglia, thalamus,
cerebellum
the basal ganglia is a key part of ______ motor control of swallow - ANSWER✅✅
efferent
what does the basal ganglia do? - ANSWER✅✅ modulates motor signals coming
from the cortex and cerebellum; connects the cortex and other subcortical
structures
what controls posture, balance, and fine motor movement; motor movement -
ANSWER✅✅ cerebellum
T/f a cerebral stroke would not directly damage a nerve because the nerves are not
in the brain - ANSWER✅✅ true but it would impact them
how does the blood get from the heart to the brain? - ANSWER✅✅ arteries
, What is the PNS - ANSWER✅✅ all of the nervous system that isn't in the brain or
spinal cord
Are cranial nerves part of the CNS or PNS? - ANSWER✅✅ PNS
What artery is most often involved in strokes? - ANSWER✅✅ MCA
If the lesion is in the medulla/lower brainstem, what will the patient most likely
have difficulty with? - ANSWER✅✅ swallowing
What is the sequelae mainly dependent on? (2 things) - ANSWER✅✅ site of lesion;
extent of lesion (how bad it is)
In a stroke, what helps us to determine the sequelae? - ANSWER✅✅ -hemiparesis?
-oral acceptance?
-lingual/labial/velum strength and coordination
-sensory impairment?
-pharyngeal swallow timing
-reduced contraction
-reduced laryngeal excursion
-cognitive disturbances
would you do rehab, compensation, or both for a stroke victim ? - ANSWER✅✅
both
what are the 2 types of strokes? - ANSWER✅✅ -Hemorrhagic: bleeding in the brain
-Ischemic: blood vessel supplying the brain is blocked
______ is the #1 cause of neurologic dysphagia - ANSWER✅✅ stroke
t/f most stroke patients impove swallowing function in about 6 months -
ANSWER✅✅ true
are brain injuries normally simple or complex? - ANSWER✅✅ complex
what are the considerations of a brain injury? - ANSWER✅✅ -severity of damage
-open/closed injury
-multi-system trauma (did multiple things happen or just one)
-type of force that caused the damage
TBIs are easy to predict the outcomes of T/F - ANSWER✅✅ false- there is limited
evidence to assist in predictive outcomes
In a TBI, dysphagia is normally primary symptom T/F - ANSWER✅✅ False - normally
secondary to respiratory status, behavioral issues, and impulsivity
