Page |1
NBME PHYSIOLOGY 2025| BRAND NEW
ACTUAL EXAM WITH 100% VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT SOLUTIONS|
GUARANTEED VALUE PACK| ACE YOUR
GRADES.
Prostglandin - correct answer - From mast cells, macrophages, EC, and
platelets
Vasodilation, pain
Rate controlling step in Insulin secretion - correct answer - Phosphorylation
of glucose by glucokinase
Glucokinase mutation - correct answer - Autosomal dominant form of early
onset type 2 diabetes
GLUT 2 - correct answer - low affinity high capacity glucose transporter.
Uptake by beta cells
, Page |2
Insulin release - correct answer - Blood glucose trips an ATP dependent
switch in beta cells
ATP sensitive potassium channel closes when ATP/ADP is high.
Depolarized membrane triggers Voltage dependent Ca+ channel to open.
Calcium pours in, and triggers granule exocytosis of Insulin
Glucokinase - correct answer - Glucose to G6P (phosphorylation)
Sulfonylurea - correct answer - Anti-Diabetic Drug
Repaglinidine (Prnadin) - correct answer - Anti-Diabetic Drug
Absorpitive insulin signal transduction - correct answer - Parasympathetic
Neuronal - intrapancreatic Ach on M3 receptor - IP3/Ca2+ and PKC on
Insulin release .
Cori Cycle: - correct answer - Lactate recycle from erythrocytes (or muscle
cells) to liver
Lactate can be used as substrate for gluconeogenesis
, Page |3
Alanine Cycle - correct answer - Alanine Cycle (which was product of
pyruvate in muscle) recycle from muscle cells to liver
Alanine can be used as substrate for gluconeogenesis
Glycolysis - correct answer - Location: RBC, Brain, CNS, Muscle
Net: +2ATP, +2 NADH
Gluconeogenesis - correct answer - Location: Liver and Kidney
Net: -4ATP, -2 GTP, -2 NADH
Rate limiting step: Fructose 1,6bisphosphatase -Conversion of Fructose 1,6
bisphosphate to Fructose 6 Phosphate
Fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase - correct answer - activated by glucagon
inhibited by F2,6 Biphosphotase
Malate/Oxcoloacetate - correct answer - Pyruvate converted to OAA then
malate
, Page |4
Malate transferred outside of cytoplasm and converted to OAA then PEP
Prevents Pyrvuate from immediately returning into gluconeogenesis
PEP Carboxylase - correct answer - Turns OAA into PEP. (2nd part of
pyruvate turning into PEP). First step of glycolysis
Inhibited by Insulin
Stimulated by Glucagon
Glucose 6 phosphatase - correct answer - Located on the luminal side of
the ER of liver cells.
Starts gluconeogenesis
Diabetes Mellitus - correct answer - Lack of insulin (type 1) or insufficient
insulin to overcome insulin resistance (type 2) causes gluconeogenesis
pathway to be uninhibited even at high blood glucose. type 2 diabetes has
3x rate of gluconeogenesis.
Liver pumps out glucose
Metformin - correct answer - For type 2 diabetes
NBME PHYSIOLOGY 2025| BRAND NEW
ACTUAL EXAM WITH 100% VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT SOLUTIONS|
GUARANTEED VALUE PACK| ACE YOUR
GRADES.
Prostglandin - correct answer - From mast cells, macrophages, EC, and
platelets
Vasodilation, pain
Rate controlling step in Insulin secretion - correct answer - Phosphorylation
of glucose by glucokinase
Glucokinase mutation - correct answer - Autosomal dominant form of early
onset type 2 diabetes
GLUT 2 - correct answer - low affinity high capacity glucose transporter.
Uptake by beta cells
, Page |2
Insulin release - correct answer - Blood glucose trips an ATP dependent
switch in beta cells
ATP sensitive potassium channel closes when ATP/ADP is high.
Depolarized membrane triggers Voltage dependent Ca+ channel to open.
Calcium pours in, and triggers granule exocytosis of Insulin
Glucokinase - correct answer - Glucose to G6P (phosphorylation)
Sulfonylurea - correct answer - Anti-Diabetic Drug
Repaglinidine (Prnadin) - correct answer - Anti-Diabetic Drug
Absorpitive insulin signal transduction - correct answer - Parasympathetic
Neuronal - intrapancreatic Ach on M3 receptor - IP3/Ca2+ and PKC on
Insulin release .
Cori Cycle: - correct answer - Lactate recycle from erythrocytes (or muscle
cells) to liver
Lactate can be used as substrate for gluconeogenesis
, Page |3
Alanine Cycle - correct answer - Alanine Cycle (which was product of
pyruvate in muscle) recycle from muscle cells to liver
Alanine can be used as substrate for gluconeogenesis
Glycolysis - correct answer - Location: RBC, Brain, CNS, Muscle
Net: +2ATP, +2 NADH
Gluconeogenesis - correct answer - Location: Liver and Kidney
Net: -4ATP, -2 GTP, -2 NADH
Rate limiting step: Fructose 1,6bisphosphatase -Conversion of Fructose 1,6
bisphosphate to Fructose 6 Phosphate
Fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase - correct answer - activated by glucagon
inhibited by F2,6 Biphosphotase
Malate/Oxcoloacetate - correct answer - Pyruvate converted to OAA then
malate
, Page |4
Malate transferred outside of cytoplasm and converted to OAA then PEP
Prevents Pyrvuate from immediately returning into gluconeogenesis
PEP Carboxylase - correct answer - Turns OAA into PEP. (2nd part of
pyruvate turning into PEP). First step of glycolysis
Inhibited by Insulin
Stimulated by Glucagon
Glucose 6 phosphatase - correct answer - Located on the luminal side of
the ER of liver cells.
Starts gluconeogenesis
Diabetes Mellitus - correct answer - Lack of insulin (type 1) or insufficient
insulin to overcome insulin resistance (type 2) causes gluconeogenesis
pathway to be uninhibited even at high blood glucose. type 2 diabetes has
3x rate of gluconeogenesis.
Liver pumps out glucose
Metformin - correct answer - For type 2 diabetes
