Unit 10-Diseases and Epidemiology; Lesson 3-Classification, Transmission, and Patterns of Infection 2024/2025 Exam All Answers and Illustrations Given

Unit 10-Diseases and Epidemiology;
Lesson 3-Classification, Transmission,
and Patterns of Infection 2024/2025
Exam All Answers and Illustrations
Given


Differentiate between communicable and non-communicable diseases. -

🧠ANSWER ✔✔-Communicable Disease:

any disease that spreads from one host to another (either directly or indirectly)-

ex. Chickenpox, measles, genital herpes, typhoid fever, tuberculosis



-Nonommunicable Disease:

not spread from one host to another. These diseases are caused by

microorganisms that normally inhabit the body and only occasionally produce

disease or by microorganisms that reside outside the body and produce disease

only when introduced into the body (ex. Tetanus: Clostridium tetani produces

disease only when introduced into body via abrasions or wounds).

Incidence - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-the INCIDENCE of a disease is the # of ppl in a

population who develop a disease during a particular time period.
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,-an indicator of the spread of disease.

Prevalence - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-the PREVALENCE of a disease is the # of ppl in a

population who develop a disease at a specific time, regardless on when it first

appeared.

-prevalence- takes into account old and new cases.

-its an indicator of how seriously and how long a disease affects a population.

-ex- incidence of AIDS in US in 2007 was 56,300. Prevalence in that same year

was estimated to be about 1,185,000.

2. Define the following types of infections: sporadic, endemic, epidemic, and

pandemic. - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔

Sporadic - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔- a particular disease that occurs only occasionally (ex.

Typhoid fever in the US)

Endemic - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-a disease constantly present in a population (ex. The

common cold)

Epidemic - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-when many people in a given area acquire a certain

disease in a relatively short period (ex- influenza)

Pandemic - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔an epidemic disease that occurs worldwide (we

experience pandemics of influenza from time to time.) (another example: AIDS)

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, What are the categories that describe the severity and duration of disease? -

🧠ANSWER ✔✔Acute Disease

Chronic Disease

Subacute Disease

Latent Disease

Acute Disease - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔- one that develops RAPIDLY but only lasts a

SHORT TIME (ex. Influenza)

Chronic Disease - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔develops more slowly, and the body's reactions

may be less severe, but the disease is likely to continue or recur for longer

periods. (ex- infectious mononucleosis, tuberculosis, and hep B)

Subacute Disease - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔- intermediate between acute and chronic (ex.

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis- a rare brain disease)

Latent Disease - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔- one in which the causative agent remains

inactive for a time but then becomes active to produce symptoms of the disease

(ex. Shingles)

Describe and graph the development of a disease, and relate it to the numbers

of microorganisms involved. - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔




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