CDM EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) | GRADED A+ |
NEW UPDATE 2025
Pancreatitis - ANSWER Inflammation of the pancreas
-Can lead to digestion of the pancreas by its own enzymes and/or irreversible
structural damage to the organ (exocrine enzymes get activated within the
pancreas)
Endocrine Function of Pancreas - ANSWER Islet of Langerhans cells produce
insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide (all play a role in
metabolism of nutrients and balancing blood sugar)
Exocrine Function of Pancreas - ANSWER 1) Acinar cells secrete digestive
enzymes:
-amylase: breaks down carbs to glucose
-protease: breaks down proteins to amino acids
-lipase: breaks down fat
2) Enzymes are not activated until they enter the duodenum where a change
occurs with stomach acid
SxS of Acute Pancreatitis - ANSWER 1) *Abdominal Pain*:
-Sudden, very painful mid-epigastric pain or left upper quadrant which can be felt
in the back as well due to the location of the pancreas
,-Worse when lying flat (WHY? Due to the location of the pancreas and how it is
behind the peritoneum. When the pancreas is inflamed and the person lies flat,
this pulls the peritoneum tighter over the pancreas and causes increased pain)
3) May report the pain started after consuming greasy/high fat meal or alcohol
4) *Fever, increased HR, decreased BP*
5) N/V
6) Hyperglycemia
7) *Increased amylase and lipase*
Cullen's and Grey-Turner's Sign - ANSWER 1) *Seen with SEVERE cases of acute
pancreatitis*
2) What causes Cullen's and Grey-Turner's Sign?
-They *represent retroperitoneal bleeding* from the leakage of digestive enzymes
into the surrounding tissues which is causing bleeding and it is leaking down into
the flanks and umbilicus
3) *Cullen's Sign: bluish coloration around the belly button* (look at RR, BP, HR)
4) *Grey-Turner's Sign: bluish discoloration on the flanks*
Most common symptom of acute pancreaitis? - ANSWER *Sudden onset of
sharp, twisting, deep, upper abdominal pain*
-frequently radiates to the back and is associated with nausea and vomiting
What is the most common type of pancreatitis? - ANSWER 1) Mild acute
pancreatitis (also called interstitial or edematous pancreatitis)
-Occurs when areas of fat necrosis and interstitial edema develop in and around
the pancreas (the peripancreatic tissues)
, Moderately Severe Acute Pancreatitis - ANSWER Described as transient organ
failure or local or systemic complications
SxS of Chronic Pancreatitis - ANSWER 1) Abdominal pain:
-Chronic epigastric pain that is persistent (can have no pain because the pancreas
is not producing enzymes because of the extent of the damage)
2) Pain:
-Becomes worse after drinking alcohol or eating a greasy/fatty meal
3) May have a mass and swelling in abdomen due to pseudocyst formation on the
pancreas
4) Diarrhea with stool that is called Steatorrhea (oily/fatty stools due to the lack of
pancreatic enzymes to help digest fats)
5) Weight loss: because no enzymes to help digest the food
6) SxS of Jaundice: yellowing of skin and eyes...damage to the common bile duct
which helps remove bile from the liver so the bile builds up
7) Dark urine: due to the excessive bile in the body
8) SxS of Diabetes Mellitus: the pancreas' islet of Langerhans that secrete insulin
are NOT working
Types of Pancreatitis - ANSWER 1) Acute
2) Chronic
Types of Acute Pancreatitis - ANSWER 1) Interstitial edematous pancreatitis:
acute inflammation without necrosis
2) Necrotizing pancreatitis with pancreatic or peripancreatic tissue necrosis
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) | GRADED A+ |
NEW UPDATE 2025
Pancreatitis - ANSWER Inflammation of the pancreas
-Can lead to digestion of the pancreas by its own enzymes and/or irreversible
structural damage to the organ (exocrine enzymes get activated within the
pancreas)
Endocrine Function of Pancreas - ANSWER Islet of Langerhans cells produce
insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide (all play a role in
metabolism of nutrients and balancing blood sugar)
Exocrine Function of Pancreas - ANSWER 1) Acinar cells secrete digestive
enzymes:
-amylase: breaks down carbs to glucose
-protease: breaks down proteins to amino acids
-lipase: breaks down fat
2) Enzymes are not activated until they enter the duodenum where a change
occurs with stomach acid
SxS of Acute Pancreatitis - ANSWER 1) *Abdominal Pain*:
-Sudden, very painful mid-epigastric pain or left upper quadrant which can be felt
in the back as well due to the location of the pancreas
,-Worse when lying flat (WHY? Due to the location of the pancreas and how it is
behind the peritoneum. When the pancreas is inflamed and the person lies flat,
this pulls the peritoneum tighter over the pancreas and causes increased pain)
3) May report the pain started after consuming greasy/high fat meal or alcohol
4) *Fever, increased HR, decreased BP*
5) N/V
6) Hyperglycemia
7) *Increased amylase and lipase*
Cullen's and Grey-Turner's Sign - ANSWER 1) *Seen with SEVERE cases of acute
pancreatitis*
2) What causes Cullen's and Grey-Turner's Sign?
-They *represent retroperitoneal bleeding* from the leakage of digestive enzymes
into the surrounding tissues which is causing bleeding and it is leaking down into
the flanks and umbilicus
3) *Cullen's Sign: bluish coloration around the belly button* (look at RR, BP, HR)
4) *Grey-Turner's Sign: bluish discoloration on the flanks*
Most common symptom of acute pancreaitis? - ANSWER *Sudden onset of
sharp, twisting, deep, upper abdominal pain*
-frequently radiates to the back and is associated with nausea and vomiting
What is the most common type of pancreatitis? - ANSWER 1) Mild acute
pancreatitis (also called interstitial or edematous pancreatitis)
-Occurs when areas of fat necrosis and interstitial edema develop in and around
the pancreas (the peripancreatic tissues)
, Moderately Severe Acute Pancreatitis - ANSWER Described as transient organ
failure or local or systemic complications
SxS of Chronic Pancreatitis - ANSWER 1) Abdominal pain:
-Chronic epigastric pain that is persistent (can have no pain because the pancreas
is not producing enzymes because of the extent of the damage)
2) Pain:
-Becomes worse after drinking alcohol or eating a greasy/fatty meal
3) May have a mass and swelling in abdomen due to pseudocyst formation on the
pancreas
4) Diarrhea with stool that is called Steatorrhea (oily/fatty stools due to the lack of
pancreatic enzymes to help digest fats)
5) Weight loss: because no enzymes to help digest the food
6) SxS of Jaundice: yellowing of skin and eyes...damage to the common bile duct
which helps remove bile from the liver so the bile builds up
7) Dark urine: due to the excessive bile in the body
8) SxS of Diabetes Mellitus: the pancreas' islet of Langerhans that secrete insulin
are NOT working
Types of Pancreatitis - ANSWER 1) Acute
2) Chronic
Types of Acute Pancreatitis - ANSWER 1) Interstitial edematous pancreatitis:
acute inflammation without necrosis
2) Necrotizing pancreatitis with pancreatic or peripancreatic tissue necrosis
