IGCSE ICT 2024/2025 Exam Questions
and Corresponding Answers with Surety
of 100% Pass Mark
Hardware - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The physical components of a computer system.
Internal Hardware Devices - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Processor (CPU)
Motherboard
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Read Only Memory (ROM)
Video and Sound Card
Internal Hard Disk Drive
Motherboard - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Central component of any computer system
through which every other component communicates. Components are plugged
into it directly or indirectly.
Processor (CPU) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The brain of the computer. It controls
everything that the computer does and processes the data, moving it in and out
of the memory.
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,Random Access Memory (RAM) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔It stores the information
currently in use, which is constantly changing.
A fast, volatile memory since when the computer is turned off the data is lost.
The more RAM you have the faster your computer works.
Read Only Memory (ROM) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Used to store instructions for the
computer to work. The information cant be changed and when the computer is
turned off, it wont be lost. The data can be accessed very fast.
Video Card - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Allows images to be displayed on the monitor. Along
with its installation, software is installed so it tells the computer how to use it.
Sound Card - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Allows the computer to produce and input sounds
to and from the computer by turning analogue data into digital and vice versa.
Internal Hard Disk Drive - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Stores data that is not instantly needed
for an indefinite time. It also stores programmes and is used commonly to back
up data.
External Hardware - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Inputs
Outputs
Peripherals
Input Devices - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Used to get data into the computer system.
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,They are manual or automatic.
Output Devices - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Used to transfer data out of the computer
system. They are temporary or permanent.
Peripheral Devices - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Non-essential hardware that connect to the
computer externally.
Software - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Programmes used for controlling the operation of a
computer or processing of electronic data.
(Applications S. and System S)
Applications Software - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Software used in particular situations,
which can be used either in general purpose or in one particular situation.
i.e. Word processing, spreadsheet, data manipulation...
Systems Software - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Files and programmes that make up a
computer.
i.e. Compilers, linkers, device drivers...
Secondary/Backing Storage - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Storage devices and media that are
not constantly accessible by a computer system.
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COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER:
619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Operating System - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Software program that manages computer
resources. They allow components to communicate with each other and enable
the computer to run software applications.
They are CLI and GUI.
Command Line Interface (CLI) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The user types in instructions and
commands.
It is fast but complicated to use.
It uses very little RAM.
Used in batch processing.
Advantages of CLI - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔1. User communicates directly with the
computer.
2. There's a wide range of commands.
3. Needs very little computer power.
Disadvantages of CLI - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔1. User must remember complex
commands.
2. Lots of typing involved.
3. High chance of errors.
Page 4 of 78
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER:
619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
and Corresponding Answers with Surety
of 100% Pass Mark
Hardware - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The physical components of a computer system.
Internal Hardware Devices - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Processor (CPU)
Motherboard
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Read Only Memory (ROM)
Video and Sound Card
Internal Hard Disk Drive
Motherboard - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Central component of any computer system
through which every other component communicates. Components are plugged
into it directly or indirectly.
Processor (CPU) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The brain of the computer. It controls
everything that the computer does and processes the data, moving it in and out
of the memory.
Page 1 of 78
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER:
619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,Random Access Memory (RAM) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔It stores the information
currently in use, which is constantly changing.
A fast, volatile memory since when the computer is turned off the data is lost.
The more RAM you have the faster your computer works.
Read Only Memory (ROM) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Used to store instructions for the
computer to work. The information cant be changed and when the computer is
turned off, it wont be lost. The data can be accessed very fast.
Video Card - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Allows images to be displayed on the monitor. Along
with its installation, software is installed so it tells the computer how to use it.
Sound Card - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Allows the computer to produce and input sounds
to and from the computer by turning analogue data into digital and vice versa.
Internal Hard Disk Drive - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Stores data that is not instantly needed
for an indefinite time. It also stores programmes and is used commonly to back
up data.
External Hardware - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Inputs
Outputs
Peripherals
Input Devices - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Used to get data into the computer system.
Page 2 of 78
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER:
619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,They are manual or automatic.
Output Devices - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Used to transfer data out of the computer
system. They are temporary or permanent.
Peripheral Devices - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Non-essential hardware that connect to the
computer externally.
Software - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Programmes used for controlling the operation of a
computer or processing of electronic data.
(Applications S. and System S)
Applications Software - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Software used in particular situations,
which can be used either in general purpose or in one particular situation.
i.e. Word processing, spreadsheet, data manipulation...
Systems Software - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Files and programmes that make up a
computer.
i.e. Compilers, linkers, device drivers...
Secondary/Backing Storage - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Storage devices and media that are
not constantly accessible by a computer system.
Page 3 of 78
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER:
619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Operating System - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Software program that manages computer
resources. They allow components to communicate with each other and enable
the computer to run software applications.
They are CLI and GUI.
Command Line Interface (CLI) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The user types in instructions and
commands.
It is fast but complicated to use.
It uses very little RAM.
Used in batch processing.
Advantages of CLI - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔1. User communicates directly with the
computer.
2. There's a wide range of commands.
3. Needs very little computer power.
Disadvantages of CLI - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔1. User must remember complex
commands.
2. Lots of typing involved.
3. High chance of errors.
Page 4 of 78
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER:
619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
