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NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGYjg8THjgEDITIONjgMCCANCEjgTESTjgBANK
Chapterjg1:jgCellularjgBiology jg
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MULTIPLEjgCHOICE jg
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1. Whichjgstatementjgbestjgdescribesjgthejgcellularjgfunctionjgofjgmetabolicjgabsorption?jg
a. Cellsjgcanjgproducejgproteins.jg c.jgCellsjgcanjgtakejginjgandjgusejgnutrients.jg
b. Cellsjgcanjgsecretejgdigestivejgenzymes.jg
jg
d.jgCellsjgcanjgsynthesizejgfats.jg
jg
ANS:jgCjg
Injgmetabolicjgabsorption,jgalljgcellsjgtakejginjgandjgusejgnutrientsjgandjgotherjgsubsta
ncesjgfromjgtheirjgsurroundings.jgThejgremainingjgoptionsjgarejgnotjginclusivejginjgthe
irjgdescriptionsjgofjgcellularjgmetabolicjgabsorption.
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2. Mostjgofjgajgcell’sjggeneticjginformation,jgincludingjgRNAjgandjgDNA,jgisjgcontainedjg
injgthe:jg
a. Mitochondriajg c.jgNucleolusjg
b. Ribosomejg d.jgLysosomejg
jg
jg
ANS:jgCjg
Thejgnucleusjgcontainsjgthejgnucleolus,jgajgsmalljgdensejgstructurejgcomposedjglargely
jgofjgRNA,jgmostjgofjgthejgcellularjgDNA,jgandjgthejgDNA-
bindingjgproteins,jgsuchjgasjgthejghistones,jgwhichjgregulatejgitsjgactivity.jgThejgotherj
goptionsjgdojgnotjgcontainjgmostjgofjgajgcell’sjggeneticjginformation. jg
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3. Whichjgcomponentjgofjgthejgcelljgproducesjghydrogenjgperoxidejg(HNURSINGTB.COM
2O2)jgbyjgusingjgoxygenjgtojgremovejghydrogenjgatomsjgfromjgspecificjgsubstratesjgi
njganjgoxidativejgreaction?jg
a. Lysosomesjg c.jgRibosomesjg
b. Peroxisomesjg
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d.jgOxyhydrosomesjg
jg
ANS:jgBjg
Peroxisomesjgarejgsojgnamedjgbecausejgtheyjgusuallyjgcontainjgenzymesjgthatjgusejgox
ygenjgtojgremovejghydrogenjgatomsjgfromjgspecificjgsubstratesjginjganjgoxidativejgrea
ctionjgthatjgproducesjgH2O2,jgwhichjgisjgajgpowerfuljgoxidantjgandjgpotentiallyjgdestru
ctivejgifjgitjgaccumulatesjgorjgescapesjgfromjgperoxisomes.jgRibosomesjgarejgRNA-
proteinjgcomplexesjg(nucleoproteins)jgthatjgarejgsynthesizedjginjgthejgnucleolusjgandjgs
NURSINGTB.COM
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ecretedjgintojgthejgcytoplasmjgthroughjgporesjginjgthejgnuclearjgenvelopejgcalledjgnucl
earjgporejgcomplexes.jgLysosomesjgarejgsaclikejgstructuresjgthatjgoriginatejgfromjgthej
gGolgijgcomplexjgandjgcontainjgmorejgthanjg40jgdigestivejgenzymesjgcalledjghydrolas
es,jgwhichjgcatalyzejgbondsjginjgproteins,jglipids,jgnucleicjgacids,jgandjgcarbohydrates.j
gOxyhydrosomesjgarejginvolvedjginjgenzymejgproduction. jg
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a. Ribosomejg c.jgSmoothjgendoplasmicjgreticulumjg
b. Golgijgcomplexjg d.jgLysosomesjg
jg
jg
ANS:jgDjg
Thejglysosomaljgmembranejgactsjgasjgajgprotectivejgshieldjgbetweenjgthejgpowerfuljgd
igestivejgenzymesjgwithinjgthejglysosomejgandjgthejgcytoplasm,jgpreventingjgtheirjglea
kagejgintojgthejgcytoplasmicjgmatrix.jgDisruptionjgofjgthejgmembranejgbyjgvariousjgtre
atmentsjgorjgcellularjginjuryjgleadsjgtojgajgreleasejgofjgthejglysosomaljgenzymes,jgwhi
chjgcanjgthenjgreactjgwithjgtheirjgspecificjgsubstrates,jgcausingjgcellularjgself-
digestion.jgThejgotherjgoptionsjgdojgnotjgcorrectlyjgdescribejgthisjgprocess. jg
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gthejgpancreasjgcellsjgfromjgthejginitialjgtranscriptionjgtojgthejgreleasejgfromjgthejgcell?j
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a. ThejgenzymejgisjgtranscribedjgfromjgDNAjgbyjgRNAjginjgthejgnucleus,jgproceedsj
gtojgthejgribosomejgforjgsynthesis,jgandjgisjgtransportedjginjgajgsecretoryjgvesiclejg
tojgthejgcelljgmembrane.jg
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gtojgthejglysosomejgforjgsynthesis,jgandjgisjgtransportedjginjganjgencapsulatedjgme
mbranejgtojgthejgcelljgmembrane.jg
c. Thejgenzymejgisjgtranscribedjgbyjgthejgmitochondriajginjgthejgnucleus,jgproceedsjgt
ojgthejgribosomejgforjgsynthesis,jgandjgisjgtransportedjginjgajgcytoskeletonjgtojgthej
gcelljgmembrane.jg
d. ThejgenzymejgisjgtranscribedjgfromjgDNAjgbyjgRNAjginjgthejgnucleus,jgproceedsj
gtojgthejg
Golgijgcomplexjgforjgsynthesis,jgandjgisjgtransportedjginjgajgcytosoljgtojgthejgcellj
jg
gmembrane.jg
jg
ANS:jgAjg
ThejgenzymejgisjgtranscribedjgfromjgDNAjgbyjgRNAjginjgthejgnucleus,jgproceedsjgtoj
gthejgribosomejgforjgsynthesis,jgandjgisjgtransportedjginjgajgsecretoryjgvesiclejgtojgthej
gcelljgmembrane.jgThejgotherjgoptionsjgdojgnotjgcorrectlyjgdescribejgthisjgprocess. jg
jg
NURSINGTB.COM
PTS:jg1jg REF:jgPagejg7jg|jgFigurejg1-5jg jg
NURSINGTB.COM
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a. G1jg c.jgG2jg
b. Sjg d.jgMjg
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ANS:jgBjg
Thejgfourjgdesignatedjgphasesjgofjgthejgcelljgcyclejgare:jg(1)jgthejgG1jgphasejg(Gjg=jg
gap),jgwhichjgisjgthejgperiodjgbetweenjgthejgMjgphasejg(Mjg=jgmitosis)jgandjgthejgsta
rtjgofjgDNAjgsynthesis;jg(2)jgthejgSjgphasejg(Sjg=jgsynthesis),jgduringjgwhichjgDNAj
gisjgsynthesizedjginjgthejgcelljgnucleus;jg(3)jgthejgG2jgphase,jgduringjgwhichjgRNAjga
ndjgproteinjgsynthesisjgoccurs,jgthejgperiodjgbetweenjgthejgcompletionjgofjgDNAjgsynt
hesisjgandjgthejgnextjgphasejg(M);jgandjg(4)jgthejgMjgphase,jgwhichjgincludesjgnuclea
rjgandjgcytoplasmicjgdivision. jg
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7. Whatjgorganicjgcompoundjgfacilitatesjgtransportationjgacrossjgcelljgmembranesjgbyjgacti
ngjgasjgreceptors,jgtransportjgchannelsjgforjgelectrolytes,jgandjgenzymesjgtojgdrivejgactiv
ejgpumps?jg
a. Lipidsjg c.jgProteinsjg
b. Proteasesjg d.jgCarbohydratesjg
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Proteinsjgactjgasjg(1)jgrecognitionjgandjgbindingjgunitsjg(receptors)jgforjgsubstancesjg
movingjginjgandjgoutjgofjgthejgcell;jg(2)jgporesjgorjgtransportjgchannelsjgforjgvariousj
gelectricallyjgchargedjgparticlesjgcalledjgionsjgorjgelectrolytesjgandjgspecificjgcarriersjg
forjgaminojgacidsjgandjgmonosaccharides;jgandjg(3)jgspecificjgenzymesjgthatjgdrivejga
ctivejgpumpsjgthatjgpromotejgthejgconcentrationjgofjgcertainjgions,jgparticularlyjgpotass
iumjg(K+),jgwithinjgthejgcelljgwhilejgkeepingjgconcentrationsjgofjgotherjgions,jgforjgex
ample,jgsodiumjg(Na+),jgbelowjgthejgconcentrationsjgfoundjginjgthejgextracellularjgenvi
ronment.jgThejgotherjgoptionsjgdojgnotjgcorrectlyjgdescribejgthisjgprocess. jg
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mediatedjgapoptosisjgandjgcomplementjgcascades,jgmayjgbejgusefuljginjgdesigningjgdrug
jgtherapyjgforjgwhichjghumanjgdiseases?jg
a. Cardiacjgandjgvascularjgdisordersjg
b. Autoimmunejgandjgmalignantjgdisordersjg
c. Gastrointestinaljgandjgrenaljgdisordersjg
d. Endocrinejgandjggastrointestinaljgdisordersjg
jg
jg
ANS:jgBjg
Understandingjgthejgvariousjgstepsjginvolvedjginjgthisjgprocessjgisjgcrucialjgforjgdesign
ingjgdrugjginterventions.jgDysregulationjgofjgproteasesjgfeaturesjgprominentlyjginjgman
yjghumanjgdiseases,jgincludingjgcancer,jgautoimmunity,jgandjgneurodegenerativejgdisor
ders.jgThejgotherjgoptionsjgdojgnotjgcorrectlyjgdescribejgthisjgprocess. jg
NURSINGTB.COM