Energy & Enzymes (AP Bio Topics 3.1-3.4)
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
metabolism - CORRECT ANSWER - The sum of the building & breaking reactions occurring
in cells
catabolic pathways - CORRECT ANSWER - Series of reactions that release energy by
breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds; Negative ΔG
anabolic pathways - CORRECT ANSWER - Series of reactions that consume energy to build
complicated molecules from simpler ones; Positive ΔG
kinetic energy - CORRECT ANSWER - Energy associated with relative motion of objects.
thermal energy - CORRECT ANSWER - Kinetic energy associated with the random
movement of molecules or atoms. (heat)
potential energy - CORRECT ANSWER - Stored energy.
entropy - CORRECT ANSWER - A measure of disorder or randomness. Tends to increase in
the universe.
free energy - CORRECT ANSWER - Measures the portion of a system's energy that can
perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system, as in a living
cell.
endergonic reaction - CORRECT ANSWER - Reaction that absorbs free energy from its
surroundings.
, exergonic reaction - CORRECT ANSWER - Reaction that proceeds with a net release of free
energy.
energy coupling - CORRECT ANSWER - The use of an exergonic process to drive an
endergonic one.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) - CORRECT ANSWER - Composed of a sugar ribose,
nitrogenous base adenine, and a chain of three phosphate groups bonded to it.
phosphorylation - CORRECT ANSWER - The metabolic process of introducing a phosphate
group into an organic molecule.
catalyst - CORRECT ANSWER - A chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being
consumed by the reaction.
enzyme - CORRECT ANSWER - Protein that speeds up reactions. Typically end in "ase" (ex.
Peroxidase, Lipase)
activation energy - CORRECT ANSWER - The amount of energy needed to push the
reactants over an energy barrier.
enzyme-substrate complex - CORRECT ANSWER - When an enzyme binds to its substrate, it
forms:
active site - CORRECT ANSWER - A pocket or groove on the surface of the enzyme where a
substrate can bind.
induced fit model - CORRECT ANSWER - States that the enzyme and substrate undergo
conformational changes to interact fully with one another (as opposed to "Lock & Key"
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
metabolism - CORRECT ANSWER - The sum of the building & breaking reactions occurring
in cells
catabolic pathways - CORRECT ANSWER - Series of reactions that release energy by
breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds; Negative ΔG
anabolic pathways - CORRECT ANSWER - Series of reactions that consume energy to build
complicated molecules from simpler ones; Positive ΔG
kinetic energy - CORRECT ANSWER - Energy associated with relative motion of objects.
thermal energy - CORRECT ANSWER - Kinetic energy associated with the random
movement of molecules or atoms. (heat)
potential energy - CORRECT ANSWER - Stored energy.
entropy - CORRECT ANSWER - A measure of disorder or randomness. Tends to increase in
the universe.
free energy - CORRECT ANSWER - Measures the portion of a system's energy that can
perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system, as in a living
cell.
endergonic reaction - CORRECT ANSWER - Reaction that absorbs free energy from its
surroundings.
, exergonic reaction - CORRECT ANSWER - Reaction that proceeds with a net release of free
energy.
energy coupling - CORRECT ANSWER - The use of an exergonic process to drive an
endergonic one.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) - CORRECT ANSWER - Composed of a sugar ribose,
nitrogenous base adenine, and a chain of three phosphate groups bonded to it.
phosphorylation - CORRECT ANSWER - The metabolic process of introducing a phosphate
group into an organic molecule.
catalyst - CORRECT ANSWER - A chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being
consumed by the reaction.
enzyme - CORRECT ANSWER - Protein that speeds up reactions. Typically end in "ase" (ex.
Peroxidase, Lipase)
activation energy - CORRECT ANSWER - The amount of energy needed to push the
reactants over an energy barrier.
enzyme-substrate complex - CORRECT ANSWER - When an enzyme binds to its substrate, it
forms:
active site - CORRECT ANSWER - A pocket or groove on the surface of the enzyme where a
substrate can bind.
induced fit model - CORRECT ANSWER - States that the enzyme and substrate undergo
conformational changes to interact fully with one another (as opposed to "Lock & Key"
