AP BIO: Enzymes, cellular respiration, and
photosynthesis UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Metabolism - CORRECT ANSWER - Totality of an organism's chemical reactions
Metabolic pathway - CORRECT ANSWER - Catalyzed each step by a specific enzyme in a
pathway that begins with a specific molecule and which is then altered in a series of defined
steps
Catabolic pathway - CORRECT ANSWER - Pathway which releases energy by breaking
down complex molecules to simpler compounds (downhill)
i.e cellular respiration
Anabolic pathway - CORRECT ANSWER - Pathway which consumes energy to build
complicated molecules from simpler ones (uphill)
i.e photosynthesis
Interaction b/w catabolic and anabolic pathways - CORRECT ANSWER - Energy released
from catabolic pathway used to drive anabolic pathway
Energy - CORRECT ANSWER - Capacity to do work
Kinetic: Energy of movement
Potential: Stored energy
(Chemical energy is potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction)
Thermodynamics - CORRECT ANSWER - Study of energy transformation:
1st law: Energy cannot be created or destroyed but rather transferred
, 2nd law: Every energy transfer increases the entropy of the universe (entropy of a system might
decrease so long as the entropy of the universe increases)
Free energy - CORRECT ANSWER - Portion of a system's energy that can perform work
when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system.
Calculated by the change in a system's enthalpy (total energy) - (the absolute temperature times
the change in entropy )
Measure of instability
High G - CORRECT ANSWER - Spontaneous change (involving no energy input)
Equilibrium - CORRECT ANSWER - State of maximum stability
Exergonic - CORRECT ANSWER - Net release of free energy (G decreases)/ change in G is
negative for an exergonic reaction (spontaneous reactions occur)
Down hill
Endergonic - CORRECT ANSWER - Absorbing free energy (change in G is positive)
Uphill
Mechanical work - CORRECT ANSWER - Beating of cilia, contraction muscle cells, etc.
Transport work - CORRECT ANSWER - Pumping of substances across membranes against
direction of spontaneous movement
Chemical work - CORRECT ANSWER - Pushing of endergonic reactions that would not
occur spontaneously such as the synthesis of polymers from monomers
Energy coupling - CORRECT ANSWER - Use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic
process (ATP helps mediate such)
photosynthesis UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Metabolism - CORRECT ANSWER - Totality of an organism's chemical reactions
Metabolic pathway - CORRECT ANSWER - Catalyzed each step by a specific enzyme in a
pathway that begins with a specific molecule and which is then altered in a series of defined
steps
Catabolic pathway - CORRECT ANSWER - Pathway which releases energy by breaking
down complex molecules to simpler compounds (downhill)
i.e cellular respiration
Anabolic pathway - CORRECT ANSWER - Pathway which consumes energy to build
complicated molecules from simpler ones (uphill)
i.e photosynthesis
Interaction b/w catabolic and anabolic pathways - CORRECT ANSWER - Energy released
from catabolic pathway used to drive anabolic pathway
Energy - CORRECT ANSWER - Capacity to do work
Kinetic: Energy of movement
Potential: Stored energy
(Chemical energy is potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction)
Thermodynamics - CORRECT ANSWER - Study of energy transformation:
1st law: Energy cannot be created or destroyed but rather transferred
, 2nd law: Every energy transfer increases the entropy of the universe (entropy of a system might
decrease so long as the entropy of the universe increases)
Free energy - CORRECT ANSWER - Portion of a system's energy that can perform work
when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system.
Calculated by the change in a system's enthalpy (total energy) - (the absolute temperature times
the change in entropy )
Measure of instability
High G - CORRECT ANSWER - Spontaneous change (involving no energy input)
Equilibrium - CORRECT ANSWER - State of maximum stability
Exergonic - CORRECT ANSWER - Net release of free energy (G decreases)/ change in G is
negative for an exergonic reaction (spontaneous reactions occur)
Down hill
Endergonic - CORRECT ANSWER - Absorbing free energy (change in G is positive)
Uphill
Mechanical work - CORRECT ANSWER - Beating of cilia, contraction muscle cells, etc.
Transport work - CORRECT ANSWER - Pumping of substances across membranes against
direction of spontaneous movement
Chemical work - CORRECT ANSWER - Pushing of endergonic reactions that would not
occur spontaneously such as the synthesis of polymers from monomers
Energy coupling - CORRECT ANSWER - Use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic
process (ATP helps mediate such)
