AP Biology Enzyme and Photosynthesis
Terms UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Free Energy - CORRECT ANSWER - The portion of a system's energy that can perform work
when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system, as in a living cell.
Exergonic Reaction - CORRECT ANSWER - A net release of free energy
Endergonic Reaction - CORRECT ANSWER - Absorbs free energy from its surroundings
Energy Coupling - CORRECT ANSWER - The use of an exergonic process to drive an
endergonic one.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) - CORRECT ANSWER - Contains the sugar ribose, with the
nitrogenous base adenine and a chain of three phosphate groups bonded to it (ENERGY).
Phosphorylated - CORRECT ANSWER - Introduce a phosphate group into
Enzyme - CORRECT ANSWER - A macromolecule that acts as a catalyst
Catalyst - CORRECT ANSWER - A chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being
consumed by the reaction.
Activation Energy - CORRECT ANSWER - The energy required to contort the reactant
molecules so the bonds can break.
Substrate - CORRECT ANSWER - The reactant an enzyme acts on
, Enzyme-substrate Complex - CORRECT ANSWER - An enzyme binding to a substrate
Active Site - CORRECT ANSWER - A restricted region of the enzyme molecule that actually
binds to the substrate.
Induced Fit - CORRECT ANSWER - Brings chemical groups of the active site into positions
that enhance their ability to catalyze the chemical reaction.
Cofactors - CORRECT ANSWER - Nonprotein helpers required by many enzymes for
catalytic activities.
Coenzymes - CORRECT ANSWER - When the cofactor is an organic molecule
Competitive Inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER - Reduce the productivity of enzymes by
blocking substrates from entering active sites.
Noncompetitive Inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER - Do not directly compete with the
substrate to bind to the enzyme at the active site.
Allosteric Regulation - CORRECT ANSWER - The term used to describe any case in which a
protein's functional one site is affected by the binding of a regulatory molecule to a separate site.
Cooperativity - CORRECT ANSWER - This mechanism amplifies the response of enzymes to
substrates: One substrate molecule primes an enzyme to accept additional substrate molecules
more readily.
Feedback Inhibition - CORRECT ANSWER - A metabolic pathway is switched off by the
inhibitory binding of its end product to an enzyme that acts early in the pathway.
Chlorophyll - CORRECT ANSWER - The green pigment located within the chloroplasts
Terms UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Free Energy - CORRECT ANSWER - The portion of a system's energy that can perform work
when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system, as in a living cell.
Exergonic Reaction - CORRECT ANSWER - A net release of free energy
Endergonic Reaction - CORRECT ANSWER - Absorbs free energy from its surroundings
Energy Coupling - CORRECT ANSWER - The use of an exergonic process to drive an
endergonic one.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) - CORRECT ANSWER - Contains the sugar ribose, with the
nitrogenous base adenine and a chain of three phosphate groups bonded to it (ENERGY).
Phosphorylated - CORRECT ANSWER - Introduce a phosphate group into
Enzyme - CORRECT ANSWER - A macromolecule that acts as a catalyst
Catalyst - CORRECT ANSWER - A chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being
consumed by the reaction.
Activation Energy - CORRECT ANSWER - The energy required to contort the reactant
molecules so the bonds can break.
Substrate - CORRECT ANSWER - The reactant an enzyme acts on
, Enzyme-substrate Complex - CORRECT ANSWER - An enzyme binding to a substrate
Active Site - CORRECT ANSWER - A restricted region of the enzyme molecule that actually
binds to the substrate.
Induced Fit - CORRECT ANSWER - Brings chemical groups of the active site into positions
that enhance their ability to catalyze the chemical reaction.
Cofactors - CORRECT ANSWER - Nonprotein helpers required by many enzymes for
catalytic activities.
Coenzymes - CORRECT ANSWER - When the cofactor is an organic molecule
Competitive Inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER - Reduce the productivity of enzymes by
blocking substrates from entering active sites.
Noncompetitive Inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER - Do not directly compete with the
substrate to bind to the enzyme at the active site.
Allosteric Regulation - CORRECT ANSWER - The term used to describe any case in which a
protein's functional one site is affected by the binding of a regulatory molecule to a separate site.
Cooperativity - CORRECT ANSWER - This mechanism amplifies the response of enzymes to
substrates: One substrate molecule primes an enzyme to accept additional substrate molecules
more readily.
Feedback Inhibition - CORRECT ANSWER - A metabolic pathway is switched off by the
inhibitory binding of its end product to an enzyme that acts early in the pathway.
Chlorophyll - CORRECT ANSWER - The green pigment located within the chloroplasts
