Unit 3 AP Biology Exam Review UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
TOPIC 3.1 Enzyme Structure - CORRECT ANSWER - ENDURING UNDERSTANDING:
The highly complex organization of living systems requires constant input of energy and the
exchange of macromolecules.
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
ENE-1.D Describe the properties of enzymes.
ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE
ENE-1.D.1 The structure of enzymes includes the active site that specifically interacts with
substrate molecules.
ENE-1.D.2 For an enzyme-mediated chemical reaction to occur, the shape and charge of the
substrate must be compatible with the active site of the enzyme.
This is an enzyme →
Label the active site.
Draw a substrate molecule that would bind to this enzyme. - CORRECT ANSWER -
Draw a substrate molecule that would NOT bind to this enzyme. - CORRECT ANSWER -
any substrate that is not the exact shape of the active site
What type of biomolecule are enzymes? ________________ What is the monomer?
______________ - CORRECT ANSWER - proteins, amino acids
The most important thing about an enzyme its S__________! An enzyme must have the right
S__________ in order to do its job! - CORRECT ANSWER - shape
shape
,This enzyme has an amino acid at the center of the active site with a positively charged R group.
Predict - how would the function of this enzyme be affected if a mutation led to a negatively
charged amino acid being in that location? Explain your thoughts.
Predict - how would the function of this enzyme be affected if a mutation led to a different, but
also positively charged amino acid being in that location? Explain your thoughts. - CORRECT
ANSWER - a negatively charged amino acid (R group) would likely prevent the enzyme from
functioning, The positive charge would probably disrupt the shape of the enzymes active site,
preventing binding of the substrate.
it is possible that the substitution of a different but also positively charged R groups, would not
impact the shape or function of the enzyme. The charge has not changed, so the protein is likely
to fold properly, and interact with the substrate in the same way
TOPIC 3.2 Enzyme Catalysis - CORRECT ANSWER - ENDURING UNDERSTANDING:
The highly complex organization of living systems requires constant input of energy and the
exchange of macromolecules.
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
ENE-1.E Explain how enzymes affect the rate of biological reactions.
ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE
ENE-1.E.1 The structure and function of enzymes contribute to the regulation of biological
processes—
Enzymes are biological catalysts that facilitate chemical reactions in cells by lowering the
activation energy.
In your own words, what is the 'activation energy' of a reaction? - CORRECT ANSWER - the
amount of energy required to make a chemical reaction happen.
, Below is an 'enzymatic reaction' - taking one plastic straw and breaking it into two pieces of
straw (AB → A + B). The enzyme doing this reaction is the scissors. - CORRECT ANSWER -
The reaction rate speed would lower because without the enzyme (scissors) it would take a lot of
energy to break down the straw in half, therefore take a long time to break each one- slowing
down the reaction rate( number of straw per second) with the enzyme reaction rate is faster
Label the Biological Catalyst, the Substrate and the Product of this reaction. Label the 'active
site' on the enzyme. - CORRECT ANSWER - AB ----> A + B
substrate products
Given a box of straws and a pair of scissors you would be able to cut the straws (produce the
p______________ of the reaction) very quickly. - CORRECT ANSWER - product
Predict - What would happen to the reaction rate if you did NOT have the scissors, and you were
breaking the straws by hand? The reaction rate (speed) would _______________ Why? Explain
in terms of the 'activation energy' of the reaction. - CORRECT ANSWER - slow because it
takes more energy to break the straw
Label the Substrate and Product of one graph. - CORRECT ANSWER -
Which graph on the right shows a reaction WITH an enzyme? Which shows a reaction
WITHOUT an enzyme? Label them. - CORRECT ANSWER -
TOPIC 3.3 Environmental Impacts on Enzyme Function - CORRECT ANSWER -
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING: The highly complex organization of living systems requires
constant input of energy and the exchange of macromolecules.
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
ENE-1.F Explain how changes to the structure of an enzyme may affect its function.
ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
TOPIC 3.1 Enzyme Structure - CORRECT ANSWER - ENDURING UNDERSTANDING:
The highly complex organization of living systems requires constant input of energy and the
exchange of macromolecules.
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
ENE-1.D Describe the properties of enzymes.
ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE
ENE-1.D.1 The structure of enzymes includes the active site that specifically interacts with
substrate molecules.
ENE-1.D.2 For an enzyme-mediated chemical reaction to occur, the shape and charge of the
substrate must be compatible with the active site of the enzyme.
This is an enzyme →
Label the active site.
Draw a substrate molecule that would bind to this enzyme. - CORRECT ANSWER -
Draw a substrate molecule that would NOT bind to this enzyme. - CORRECT ANSWER -
any substrate that is not the exact shape of the active site
What type of biomolecule are enzymes? ________________ What is the monomer?
______________ - CORRECT ANSWER - proteins, amino acids
The most important thing about an enzyme its S__________! An enzyme must have the right
S__________ in order to do its job! - CORRECT ANSWER - shape
shape
,This enzyme has an amino acid at the center of the active site with a positively charged R group.
Predict - how would the function of this enzyme be affected if a mutation led to a negatively
charged amino acid being in that location? Explain your thoughts.
Predict - how would the function of this enzyme be affected if a mutation led to a different, but
also positively charged amino acid being in that location? Explain your thoughts. - CORRECT
ANSWER - a negatively charged amino acid (R group) would likely prevent the enzyme from
functioning, The positive charge would probably disrupt the shape of the enzymes active site,
preventing binding of the substrate.
it is possible that the substitution of a different but also positively charged R groups, would not
impact the shape or function of the enzyme. The charge has not changed, so the protein is likely
to fold properly, and interact with the substrate in the same way
TOPIC 3.2 Enzyme Catalysis - CORRECT ANSWER - ENDURING UNDERSTANDING:
The highly complex organization of living systems requires constant input of energy and the
exchange of macromolecules.
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
ENE-1.E Explain how enzymes affect the rate of biological reactions.
ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE
ENE-1.E.1 The structure and function of enzymes contribute to the regulation of biological
processes—
Enzymes are biological catalysts that facilitate chemical reactions in cells by lowering the
activation energy.
In your own words, what is the 'activation energy' of a reaction? - CORRECT ANSWER - the
amount of energy required to make a chemical reaction happen.
, Below is an 'enzymatic reaction' - taking one plastic straw and breaking it into two pieces of
straw (AB → A + B). The enzyme doing this reaction is the scissors. - CORRECT ANSWER -
The reaction rate speed would lower because without the enzyme (scissors) it would take a lot of
energy to break down the straw in half, therefore take a long time to break each one- slowing
down the reaction rate( number of straw per second) with the enzyme reaction rate is faster
Label the Biological Catalyst, the Substrate and the Product of this reaction. Label the 'active
site' on the enzyme. - CORRECT ANSWER - AB ----> A + B
substrate products
Given a box of straws and a pair of scissors you would be able to cut the straws (produce the
p______________ of the reaction) very quickly. - CORRECT ANSWER - product
Predict - What would happen to the reaction rate if you did NOT have the scissors, and you were
breaking the straws by hand? The reaction rate (speed) would _______________ Why? Explain
in terms of the 'activation energy' of the reaction. - CORRECT ANSWER - slow because it
takes more energy to break the straw
Label the Substrate and Product of one graph. - CORRECT ANSWER -
Which graph on the right shows a reaction WITH an enzyme? Which shows a reaction
WITHOUT an enzyme? Label them. - CORRECT ANSWER -
TOPIC 3.3 Environmental Impacts on Enzyme Function - CORRECT ANSWER -
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING: The highly complex organization of living systems requires
constant input of energy and the exchange of macromolecules.
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
ENE-1.F Explain how changes to the structure of an enzyme may affect its function.
ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE
