EXAM 4: CH. 18 - GENE MUTATION & DNA REPAIR UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers

EXAM 4: CH. 18 - GENE MUTATION &
DNA REPAIR UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - heritable changes in genetic information



Somatic mutations - CORRECT ANSWER - Mutation that arises in somatic cells and does not
give rise to gametes.


Germ-line mutations - CORRECT ANSWER - Mutation in a germ-line cell (one that gives
rise to gametes).


Gene mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - Mutation that affects a single gene or locus



Base substitution - CORRECT ANSWER - Mutation in which a single pair of bases in DNA is
altered.


Transition - CORRECT ANSWER - Base substitution in which a purine is replaced by a
different purine or a pyrimidine is replaced by a different pyrimidine.


transversion - CORRECT ANSWER - Base substitution in which a purine is replaced by a
pyrimidine or a pyrimidine is replaced by a purine.


Insertions - CORRECT ANSWER - Mutation in which one or more nucleotide pairs are added
to a DNA sequence.


Deletions - CORRECT ANSWER - mutation in which one or more nucleotides are deleted
from a DNA sequence

, Frameshift mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - Mutations that alters the reading frame of a
gene


In-frame insertions - CORRECT ANSWER - insertion of some multiple of 3 nucleotides that
do not alter the reading frame of the gene


In-frame deletions - CORRECT ANSWER - deletion of some multiple of 3 nucleotides that
do not alter the reading frame of the gene


Expanding nucleotide repeats - CORRECT ANSWER - Type of mutation in which the number
of copies of a set of nucleotides (most often three nucleotides) increases in succeeding
generations.


Forward mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - Mutation that allows a wild-type phenotype



reverse mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - Mutation that changes a mutant phenotype back
into the wild type.


Missense mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - Mutation in which a base substitution results in a
different amino acid in the protein encoded


Nonsense mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - Mutation that changes a sense codon (one that
specifies an amino acid) into a stop codon (one that terminates translation)


Silent mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - Change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA that
does not alter the amino acid sequence of a protein.


Neutral mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - Mutation that changes the amino acid sequence of
a protein but does not alter the function of the protein