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Energy is transferred between stores: - ANSWER✅✅Thermal, kinetic, gravitational
potential, elastic potential, chemical, magnetic, electrostatic, nuclear
Energy is transferred: - ANSWER✅✅Mechanically (by a force doing work),
electrically (work done by moving charges), by heating or by radiation (like light or
sound)
When a system changes, energy is transferred: - ANSWER✅✅It can be transferred
into or away from the system, between objects in the system or between different
types of energy stores. Closed systems are where neither matter nor energy can
enter or leave. The net change in the total energy of a closed system is always 0
Kinetic Energy (KE): - ANSWER✅✅Energy of motion - the greater an object's mass
and the faster it is going, the more energy there will be in its kinetic energy store. Ek
(j) = 1/2m(kg)v(m/s) squared
Raised objects store energy in gravitational potential energy stores: -
ANSWER✅✅Lifting an object in a gravitational field requires work, causing an
energy transfer to the the GPE store of the object. Ep(j) = m(kg)g(n/kg)h(m)
, Falling objects transfer energy: - ANSWER✅✅Falling objects transfer energy from
its GPE store to its kinetic energy store. When there's no air resistance, energy lost
from the GPE store = energy gained in the kinetic energy store
Stretching transfers energy to elastic potential energy stores: - ANSWER✅✅As long
as the limit of proportionality has not been exceeded, Ee (j) = 1/2 k (N/m) e (m)
squared
Specific heat capacity: - ANSWER✅✅The energy required to raise the temperature
of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius. E (j) = m(kg) c(j/kgdegree) theta
(degrees Celsius)
Conservation of energy principle: - ANSWER✅✅Energy can be transferred but can
never be created of destroyed.
Dissipated energy: - ANSWER✅✅Energy used up in a system, typically lost due to
work done by friction, 'wasted energy'
Phone energy: - ANSWER✅✅When you use the phone, energy is usefully
transferred from the chemical energy store of the battery in the phone, but some of
this energy is dissipated to thermal energy
Closed system energy transfer: - ANSWER✅✅A cold spoon is dropped into hot soup
in an insulated flask, which is then sealed. Energy is transferred from the thermal
energy store of the soup to the useless thermal energy of the spoon
Power: - ANSWER✅✅The rate at which work is done (watts). P(w) = E(j) / t(s)
Powerful machine: - ANSWER✅✅One which transfers a lot of energy in a short
space of time
Thermal conductivity: - ANSWER✅✅The rate at which thermal energy can travel
through a material
Convection occurs only in liquids and gases: - ANSWER✅✅Convection is where
energetic particles move away from hotter to cooler regions
Convection longer definition: - ANSWER✅✅Unlike in solids, the particles in liquids
and gases are able to move. When you heat a region of a gas/liquid, the particles
move faster and the space between particles increases. This causes the density of
the region to decrease. Because they can flow, the warmer and less dense region will
rise above denser cooler regions. If there is a constant heat source, a convection
current will be made
Radiators - convection currents: - ANSWER✅✅Energy is transferred from the
radiator to nearby air particles by conduction. The air by the radiator becomes
warmer and less dense. This warm air rises and is replaced by cooler air. At the same