Pediatric Nursing HESI Remediation
A 10-year-old child has undergone a cardiac catheterization through the left femoral artery.
During a postprocedural assessment, the nurse finds the left foot is pulseless and cool to touch.
Which is the likely cause?
a. Hemorrhage.
b. Hematoma.
c. Fasciculation.
d. Tamponade. - ANS-b
A 10-year-old client was brought to the emergency department due to collapsing and
experiencing jerky motor movements after being hit in the forehead with a baseball. Upon
examination, the child's pupils appear widely dilated and reactive bilaterally. Based on this
finding, which condition should the nurse suspect the client experienced?
a. Seizure.
b. Nerve damage.
c. Hydrocephalus.
d. Subdural hematoma. - ANS-a
A 10-year-old client with asthma arrives at an urgent care clinic with apparent bronchial
constriction. Which class of drugs should the nurse expect to be administered for this condition?
a. Methylxanthines.
b. Anticholinergics.
c. Long-acting beta2 agonists.
d. Oral corticosteroids. - ANS-d
A 12-month-old boy is admitted with a respiratory infection and possible pneumonia. He is
placed in a mist tent with oxygen. Which nursing intervention has the greatest priority for this
infant?
a. Give small, frequent feedings of fluids.
,b. Accurately chart observations regarding breath sounds.
c. Have a bulb syringe readily available to remove secretions.
d. Encourage older siblings to visit. - ANS-c
A 12-month-old boy is admitted with a respiratory infection and possible pneumonia. He is
placed in a mist tent with oxygen. Which nursing intervention has the greatest priority for this
infant?
a. Give small, frequent feedings of fluids.
b. Accurately chart observations regarding breath sounds.
c. Have a bulb syringe readily available to remove secretions.
d. Encourage older siblings to visit. - ANS-c
A 12-month-old client is being discharged with a body spica cast. Which information should the
nurse include in the parents' discharge teaching plan?
a. Foul odor from cast may indicate infection or skin breakdown.
b. Pillows should not be placed under cast.
c. The child can be safely transported in a stroller.
d. Use pillows to elevate the child's head. - ANS-a
A 12-year-old athlete reports severe ankle pain and an audible "popping" sound in the ankle
after a fall at soccer practice. The nurse upon inspection observes moderate swelling, bruising,
and joint instability. Initial radiographs of the ankle appear normal. Which type of injury should
the nurse suspect?
a. Strain.
b. Sprain.
c. Fracture.
d. Dislocation. - ANS-b
A 12-year-old client presents suddenly with signs of shock; weak and rapid pulse;
bronchoconstriction and laryngeal edema. What should the nurse suspect is the cause of this
presentation?
a. Bronchial asthma.
,b. Anaphylaxis.
c. Bronchiolitis.
d. Respiratory distress syndrome. - ANS-b
A 16-year-old is brought to the Emergency Center with a crushed leg after falling off a horse.
The adolescent's last tetanus toxoid booster was received eight years ago. What action should
the nurse take?
a. Dispense a tetanus antitoxin.
b. Prepare human tetanus immune globulin.
c. Administer tetanus toxoid booster.
d. Delay the tetanus toxoid booster until due. - ANS-c
A 2-year-old child recently diagnosed with hemophilia A is discharged home. What information
should the nurse include in a teaching plan about home care?
a. Minimize interactive play with other children to lessen chances for injury.
b. Give low-dose children's chewable aspirin in orange flavor for joint discomfort.
c. Use a firm and dry toothbrush to clean teeth at least twice per day.
d. Apply pressure and ice for bleeding while elevating and resting the extremity. - ANS-d
A 2-year-old child with Down syndrome is brought to the clinic for his regular physical
examination. The nurse knows which problem is frequently associated with Down syndrome?
a. Congenital heart disease.
b. Fragile X chromosome.
c. Trisomy 13.
d. Pyloric stenosis. - ANS-a
A 2-year-old child with gastro-esophageal reflux has developed a fear of eating. What
instruction should the nurse include in the parents' teaching plan?
a. Invite other children home to share meals.
b. Accept that he will eat when he is hungry.
c. Reward the child with a nap after eating.
, d. Consistently follow a set mealtime routine. - ANS-d
A 3-month-old infant develops oral thrush. Which pharmacologic agent should the nurse plan to
administer for treatment of this disorder?
a. Nystatin (Mycostatin).
b. Nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin).
c. Norfloxacin (Noroxin).
d. Neomycin sulfate (Mycifradin). - ANS-a
A 3-year-old client being treated for sepsis has begun bleeding from multiple sites. The nurse's
assessment reveals widespread petechiae and bleeding from the nose, mouth, and rectum.
Laboratory results reveal a prolonged prothrombin time (PT), elevated d-dimer, and low platelet
count. Which disorder should the nurse suspect?
a. Von Willebrand disease.
b. Disseminated intravascular coagulation.
c. Hemophilia type A.
d. Hypoplastic anemia. - ANS-b
A 3-year-old client with sickle cell anemia is admitted to the Emergency Department with
abdominal pain. The nurse palpates an enlarged liver, an x-ray reveals an enlarged spleen, and
a CBC reveals anemia. These findings indicate which type of crisis?
a. Aplastic.
b. Sequestration.
c. Hyperhemolytic.
d. Vaso-occlusive. - ANS-b
A 4-year-old boy was admitted to the emergency room with a fractured right ulna and a short
arm cast was applied. When preparing the parents to take the child home, which discharge
instruction has the highest priority?
a. "Call the healthcare provider immediately if his nail beds appear blue."
b. "Check his fingers hourly for the first 48 hours to see that he is able to move them without
pain."
A 10-year-old child has undergone a cardiac catheterization through the left femoral artery.
During a postprocedural assessment, the nurse finds the left foot is pulseless and cool to touch.
Which is the likely cause?
a. Hemorrhage.
b. Hematoma.
c. Fasciculation.
d. Tamponade. - ANS-b
A 10-year-old client was brought to the emergency department due to collapsing and
experiencing jerky motor movements after being hit in the forehead with a baseball. Upon
examination, the child's pupils appear widely dilated and reactive bilaterally. Based on this
finding, which condition should the nurse suspect the client experienced?
a. Seizure.
b. Nerve damage.
c. Hydrocephalus.
d. Subdural hematoma. - ANS-a
A 10-year-old client with asthma arrives at an urgent care clinic with apparent bronchial
constriction. Which class of drugs should the nurse expect to be administered for this condition?
a. Methylxanthines.
b. Anticholinergics.
c. Long-acting beta2 agonists.
d. Oral corticosteroids. - ANS-d
A 12-month-old boy is admitted with a respiratory infection and possible pneumonia. He is
placed in a mist tent with oxygen. Which nursing intervention has the greatest priority for this
infant?
a. Give small, frequent feedings of fluids.
,b. Accurately chart observations regarding breath sounds.
c. Have a bulb syringe readily available to remove secretions.
d. Encourage older siblings to visit. - ANS-c
A 12-month-old boy is admitted with a respiratory infection and possible pneumonia. He is
placed in a mist tent with oxygen. Which nursing intervention has the greatest priority for this
infant?
a. Give small, frequent feedings of fluids.
b. Accurately chart observations regarding breath sounds.
c. Have a bulb syringe readily available to remove secretions.
d. Encourage older siblings to visit. - ANS-c
A 12-month-old client is being discharged with a body spica cast. Which information should the
nurse include in the parents' discharge teaching plan?
a. Foul odor from cast may indicate infection or skin breakdown.
b. Pillows should not be placed under cast.
c. The child can be safely transported in a stroller.
d. Use pillows to elevate the child's head. - ANS-a
A 12-year-old athlete reports severe ankle pain and an audible "popping" sound in the ankle
after a fall at soccer practice. The nurse upon inspection observes moderate swelling, bruising,
and joint instability. Initial radiographs of the ankle appear normal. Which type of injury should
the nurse suspect?
a. Strain.
b. Sprain.
c. Fracture.
d. Dislocation. - ANS-b
A 12-year-old client presents suddenly with signs of shock; weak and rapid pulse;
bronchoconstriction and laryngeal edema. What should the nurse suspect is the cause of this
presentation?
a. Bronchial asthma.
,b. Anaphylaxis.
c. Bronchiolitis.
d. Respiratory distress syndrome. - ANS-b
A 16-year-old is brought to the Emergency Center with a crushed leg after falling off a horse.
The adolescent's last tetanus toxoid booster was received eight years ago. What action should
the nurse take?
a. Dispense a tetanus antitoxin.
b. Prepare human tetanus immune globulin.
c. Administer tetanus toxoid booster.
d. Delay the tetanus toxoid booster until due. - ANS-c
A 2-year-old child recently diagnosed with hemophilia A is discharged home. What information
should the nurse include in a teaching plan about home care?
a. Minimize interactive play with other children to lessen chances for injury.
b. Give low-dose children's chewable aspirin in orange flavor for joint discomfort.
c. Use a firm and dry toothbrush to clean teeth at least twice per day.
d. Apply pressure and ice for bleeding while elevating and resting the extremity. - ANS-d
A 2-year-old child with Down syndrome is brought to the clinic for his regular physical
examination. The nurse knows which problem is frequently associated with Down syndrome?
a. Congenital heart disease.
b. Fragile X chromosome.
c. Trisomy 13.
d. Pyloric stenosis. - ANS-a
A 2-year-old child with gastro-esophageal reflux has developed a fear of eating. What
instruction should the nurse include in the parents' teaching plan?
a. Invite other children home to share meals.
b. Accept that he will eat when he is hungry.
c. Reward the child with a nap after eating.
, d. Consistently follow a set mealtime routine. - ANS-d
A 3-month-old infant develops oral thrush. Which pharmacologic agent should the nurse plan to
administer for treatment of this disorder?
a. Nystatin (Mycostatin).
b. Nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin).
c. Norfloxacin (Noroxin).
d. Neomycin sulfate (Mycifradin). - ANS-a
A 3-year-old client being treated for sepsis has begun bleeding from multiple sites. The nurse's
assessment reveals widespread petechiae and bleeding from the nose, mouth, and rectum.
Laboratory results reveal a prolonged prothrombin time (PT), elevated d-dimer, and low platelet
count. Which disorder should the nurse suspect?
a. Von Willebrand disease.
b. Disseminated intravascular coagulation.
c. Hemophilia type A.
d. Hypoplastic anemia. - ANS-b
A 3-year-old client with sickle cell anemia is admitted to the Emergency Department with
abdominal pain. The nurse palpates an enlarged liver, an x-ray reveals an enlarged spleen, and
a CBC reveals anemia. These findings indicate which type of crisis?
a. Aplastic.
b. Sequestration.
c. Hyperhemolytic.
d. Vaso-occlusive. - ANS-b
A 4-year-old boy was admitted to the emergency room with a fractured right ulna and a short
arm cast was applied. When preparing the parents to take the child home, which discharge
instruction has the highest priority?
a. "Call the healthcare provider immediately if his nail beds appear blue."
b. "Check his fingers hourly for the first 48 hours to see that he is able to move them without
pain."
