STUDY GUIDE
Davis Advantage for Understanding
Medical-Surgical Nursing 7th Edition
By Hopper, Williams, All Chapter's 1 - 57
1
,(DavispAdvantagepforpUnderstandingpMedical-SurgicalpNursing,p7epLindapWilliams,pPaulapHopper)
Answers
CHAPTER 1 p
topcollectpappropriatepdata,pidentifypappatientpproblem,pandp
determinepthepbestppossiblepplanpofpaction.pClinicalpjudgment
CRITICAL THINKING,
p
pispbasedponpgoodpcriticalpthinking.
CLINICAL JUDGMENT, ANDTHE
p p p p
Cue
p
NURSING PROCESS p
Definition:pSignificantporprelevantpdata.pNotpallpdatapare
cuesp(relevant),pbutpallpcuesparepdata.
AUDIOp CASEp STUDY Collaboration
Janep Practicesp Clinicalp Judgment Definition:pWorkingptogetherpwithpthephealthpteamptopimp
roveppatientpoutcomes.
1. Identifypandpanalyzepcues;pprioritizephypotheses;pgeneratepsoluti
ons;ptakepaction;pevaluatepoutcomes;prepeat. Intervention
2. Janepwaspexhausted,pfailedpaptest,pandpwasppulledpinptoopman Definition:pTakingpactionptopcarrypoutpapplan.
ypdirections.pShepwaspalsopcryingpinpherpcarpandphadppoorpstu
Evaluation
dyphabitspandpnotpenoughpsleep.
3. Jane’spresourcespincludedpapgoodpfriend,psickptimepfrompwor Definition:pComparingpthepoutcomespyoupexpectedpwithpactu
k,pandpwastedptimepbetweenpclassespthatpshepcouldpbetterputi alpoutcomes.pDidpthepplanpwork?pWerepexpectedpoutcome
lize.pYourpresourcespwillpbepdifferent,pbutptheypexist! spmet?
4. Criticalpthinking— Vigilance
thepwhy:pJanepusespcriticalpthinkingptopdeterminepwhypherpcur Definition:pThepactpofpbeingpattentive,palert,pandpwatchful.
rentpplanpisn’tpworking.pShepthinksphonestlypaboutpherppoorp
studyphabits,pherptime- CRITICALp THINKINGp ANDp CLINICALpJUDGMENT
pmanagementpproblems,pandpthepimpactpthispisphavingponpherp
andpherpfamily. Criticalpthinkingpandpclinicalpjudgmentpbothpfollowpapsimilarpforma
Clinicalpjudgment— t.pBothpfollowpstepspfrompcollectingpdataptopdetermin-
thepdo:pJanepusespherpthinkingptopdeveloppandpcarrypoutpapplanpt pingpproblemspandpoutcomes,pdevelopingpandptakingpactions,pandp
hatpusespherpresourcespandpprovidespmorepproductivepstudypti evaluatingpoutcomes.pHowever,pcriticalpthinkingphelpspyoupthinkp
mepandpmorepqualityptimepwithpherpkids. aboutpthepproblem:pWhatpispit?pWhypispitphappen-
ping?pAndpclinicalpjudgmentpleadspyouptopdopsomethingptopmanagep
VOCABULARY thepproblem.
SamplepsentencespwillpvarypforpthepVocabularypproblems. CUEp RECOGNITION
Nursingp process Youpwillpdopmanypthingspforpeachpindividual,pbutpthepFIRSTpthingpisplisted
Definition:pAnporganizingpframeworkpthatplinkspthinkingpwithpnu pbelow.
rsingpactions.pStepspincludepassessment/datapcollection,pnursi
ngpdiagnosis,pplanning,pimplementation,pandpevaluation. 1. Sitptheppatientpupright.
2. Callp911pwhileprunningpacrosspthepstreet.
Criticalpthinking 3. Elevatepthepfeetpoffpthepbedpbypplacingpappillowpunderpthepcalve
Definition:pThepusepofpthosepcognitivep(knowledge)pskillsporpstra spandpallowingpthepfeetptophangpoffpthepedgepofptheppillow.
tegiespthatpincreasepthepprobabilitypofpapdesirablepoutcome.pAl 4. Checkpbloodpglucosepandphavepapglucosepsourcepready.
sopinvolvespreflection,pproblem- 5. Turnptheppatientptopthepsideptoppreventpaspiration.
solving,pandprelatedpthinkingpskills.
Clinicalpjudgment
Definition:pThepobservedpoutcomepofpcriticalpthinkingpandpdecisio
npmaking.pApprocesspthatpusespnursingpknowledge
,2 Chapterp1 Answers
CRITICALp THINKING
Thispispjustponeppossiblepwayptopcompletepapcognitivepmap.
Couldpitpbeplow Amp Ip diabetic? Frontalparea "Sick"p feeling Hard Tylenolphelps Hungerpmakes
bloodpsugar? itpworse
Patient's Wherepispit Quality Aggravatingp and
perception ? alleviatingp factors
Foodp helps
Headache
Usefulp other Severity Timing
data
Sometimesp feel Motherpis 7–8p onp 0– Lastsp1– Beforepmeals Earlypinpth
sickp top stomac diabetic 10 2phours e
h scale oncep starts morning
REVIEWp QUESTIONS takingpvitalpsigns;pdatapcollectionpispthepfirstpsteppinpthepnursi
ngpprocess.p(2,p3,p4)parepallpstepspinpthepnursingpprocess,pforp
Thepcorrectpanswersparepinpboldface.
whichpthepregisteredpnursepispresponsible;pthepLPN/LVNpma
1. (2)pCriticalpthinkingpcanpleadptopbetterpoutcomespforptheppati ypassistpthepregisteredpnursepwithpthese.pNitroglycerinpshould
ent.p(1,p3,p4)pmaypbeptruepbutparepnotpthepbestpanswer. pnotpbepadministeredpwithoutpfirstpknowingptheppatient’spbloo
2. (4)pispcorrect.pThepnursepwhopcanpadmitptopnotpknowingpso dppressure.
methingpispexhibitingpintellectualphumility.p(1)pshowspexperti 7. (2)pindicatespthatptheppatientpispconcernedpaboutpfreedompfro
sepbutpnotpnecessarilypintellectualphumility; mpinjurypandpharm.p(1)prelatesptopbasicpneedspsuchpaspair,poxy
(2) reportingpanperrorpshowspintellectualpintegrity; gen,pandpwater.p(3)prelatesptopfeelingploved.p(4)pisprelatedptoph
(3) empathizingpisppositivepbutpdoespispnotpevidencepofph avingppositivepself-esteem.
umility. 8. (3,p1,p2,p4)pispthepcorrectporderpaccordingptopMaslow.
3. (3,p4,p5,p1,p2)pispthepcorrectporder. 9. (5,p2,p1,p4,p6,p3)pispthepcorrectporder.
4. (1)pispthepbestpdefinition.p(2,p3,p4)pdopnotpdefinepcriticalpthi 10. (3)pshowsptheppatientpispactuallyptakingpaction.p(1,p2,p4)parep
nkingpbutparepexamplespofpgoodpthinking. allppositivepbutpdopnotpshowpintentptoptakepaction.
5. (4)pispcorrect.pEvaluationpdeterminespwhetherpgoalsparepachiev 11. (4)pispthepnurse’spanalysispofpthepsituation.p(1,p2)parepdata
edpandpinterventionspeffective.p(2)pisptheprolepofpthepphysician.p ;p(3)pispaprecommendation.
(1,p3)pencompasspdatapcollectionpandpimple- 12. (1,p2,p3,p4)pshouldpbeppresent.pSincepthepdatapprovidesponl
pmentation,pwhichparepearlierpstepspinpthepnursingpprocess. yphippreplacementpasptheppatient’spproblem,p(5)pthepdietitia
6. (1)pispcorrect.pTheplicensedppracticalpnurse/licensedpvoca- npispnotpnecessary.
ptionalpnursep(LPN/LVN)pcanpcollectpdata,pwhichpincludes
1
, Answers
CHAPTER 2 p EVIDENCE-BASEDp PRACTICE
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE p 1. proof
2. context
AUDIOp CASEp STUDY 3. quality
4. care
Mariep andp Evidence-Basedp Practice 5. randomized
1. Thirdhandpsmokepispthepdangerousptoxinspofpsmokepthatplinge 6. outcomes
rponphair,pclothing,pfurniture,pandpotherpsurfacespinpanpareapaf 7. gold
terpapcigarettepispputpout.pMarieplearnedpthatpexposureptopth 8. nursing
eseptoxinspcanpbepneurotoxicptopchildrenpandpcanptriggerpasth 9. patient’s
mapattackspinpsensitiveppeople. 10. information
2. Evidence-
basedppracticepispconsideredpthepgoldpstandardpofphealthpcare. CLINICALp JUDGMENT
3. Stepp1:pAskpthepburningpquestion.pStepp2:pSearchpandpcolle
ctpthepmostprelevantpandpbestpevidencepavailable.pStepp3:pT 1. Bypquestioningpthepexistingpwaypofpdoingpthingsptopensure
pthatptheppatientpreceivespthepbestpcareppossible
hinkpcritically.pAppraisepthepevidencepforpvalidity,prelevanc
eptopthepsituation,pandpapplicability. 2. Apthoroughpsearchpofpthepliterature,pwithpthepassistancepofpthep
Stepp4:pMeasurepthepoutcomespbeforepandpafterpinstitutingpthepc medicalplibrarian,pinpthepareapofptheirpburningpques-
ptionpregardingpmusicpreducingppreoperativepanxiety.
hange.pStepp5:pMakepitphappen.pStepp6:pEvaluateptheppracticepd
ecisionporpchange. 3. CumulativepIndexptopNursingpandpAlliedpHealthpLiteraturep(
4. Combinationptherapypwithpapnicotineppatchpandpnicotineplozen CINAHL)pDatabase,pJoannapBriggspInstitutepevidence-
gespworkedpbest,palthoughpbupropionp(Zyban)porpvareniclinep( basedpresources,pCochranepReviews,pMedline/pPubMed
Chantix)pandpnicotineplozengespworkedpwell,ptoo.pApCochranep 4. Measureppatientpoutcomespbeforepinstitutingpthepevidence-
Reviewpfoundpthatpadvicepandpsupportpfrompnursingpstaffpcanpi basedpchangepinppracticepsopcomparisonspcanpbepmadepafterpi
ncreaseppatients’psuccesspinpquit- mplementationptopdeterminepifpthepinter-pventionpworked
ptingpsmoking,pespeciallypinpaphospitalpsetting. 5. Evaluatepthepresultsptopdeterminepwhetherpthepchangepmad
epapsignificantpdifferencepandpifpitpwaspvaluablepinptermspofpc
VOCABULARY ostpandptime
SamplepsentencespwillpvarypforpthepVocabularypproblems. REVIEWp QUESTIONS
1. Evidence- Thepcorrectpanswersparepinpboldface.
basedppractice:pApsystematicpprocesspthatpusespcurrentpevidenc
epinpmakingpdecisionspaboutppatientpcare. 1. (3)pispcorrect.pProvidingpanpexplanationpofpwhypsome-
2. Evidence- pthingpispdoneppromotespthepunderstandingpforpwhypitpispimp
informedppractice:pConsiderationpofppatientpfactorspalongpwithp ortantptopbepdonepandpthereforepwillpmoreplikelypbepdone.p(
thepusepofpevidencepforpsharedpdecisionpmakingpbetweenpthephe 1,p2,p4)ponlypcommunicatepthepneedptopperformpaptask.pThey
alth-carepproviderpandptheppatient. pdopnotpprovideprationalepforptheptaskptoppro-
pmotepunderstandingpofpthepimportancepofptheptask.
3. Randomizedpcontrolledptrials:pTruepexperimentalpstudiespinpw
hichpaspmanypfactorspasppossiblepthatpcouldpfalselypchangepthep 2. (3)pispcorrect.pEvidence-
resultsparepcontrolled. basedpnursingpcarepthatphaspbeenpevaluatedpaspappropriatepforpa
4. Research:pScientificpstudy,pinvestigation,porpexperimenta- npagencypprovidespthepbestpandpsafestppatientpcare.p(1)pOpinio
ptionptopestablishpfactspandpanalyzeptheirpsignificance.
nspmaypnotpbepbasedpon
5. Systematicpreview:pApreviewpofprelevantpresearchpusingpguide
lines.
Davis Advantage for Understanding
Medical-Surgical Nursing 7th Edition
By Hopper, Williams, All Chapter's 1 - 57
1
,(DavispAdvantagepforpUnderstandingpMedical-SurgicalpNursing,p7epLindapWilliams,pPaulapHopper)
Answers
CHAPTER 1 p
topcollectpappropriatepdata,pidentifypappatientpproblem,pandp
determinepthepbestppossiblepplanpofpaction.pClinicalpjudgment
CRITICAL THINKING,
p
pispbasedponpgoodpcriticalpthinking.
CLINICAL JUDGMENT, ANDTHE
p p p p
Cue
p
NURSING PROCESS p
Definition:pSignificantporprelevantpdata.pNotpallpdatapare
cuesp(relevant),pbutpallpcuesparepdata.
AUDIOp CASEp STUDY Collaboration
Janep Practicesp Clinicalp Judgment Definition:pWorkingptogetherpwithpthephealthpteamptopimp
roveppatientpoutcomes.
1. Identifypandpanalyzepcues;pprioritizephypotheses;pgeneratepsoluti
ons;ptakepaction;pevaluatepoutcomes;prepeat. Intervention
2. Janepwaspexhausted,pfailedpaptest,pandpwasppulledpinptoopman Definition:pTakingpactionptopcarrypoutpapplan.
ypdirections.pShepwaspalsopcryingpinpherpcarpandphadppoorpstu
Evaluation
dyphabitspandpnotpenoughpsleep.
3. Jane’spresourcespincludedpapgoodpfriend,psickptimepfrompwor Definition:pComparingpthepoutcomespyoupexpectedpwithpactu
k,pandpwastedptimepbetweenpclassespthatpshepcouldpbetterputi alpoutcomes.pDidpthepplanpwork?pWerepexpectedpoutcome
lize.pYourpresourcespwillpbepdifferent,pbutptheypexist! spmet?
4. Criticalpthinking— Vigilance
thepwhy:pJanepusespcriticalpthinkingptopdeterminepwhypherpcur Definition:pThepactpofpbeingpattentive,palert,pandpwatchful.
rentpplanpisn’tpworking.pShepthinksphonestlypaboutpherppoorp
studyphabits,pherptime- CRITICALp THINKINGp ANDp CLINICALpJUDGMENT
pmanagementpproblems,pandpthepimpactpthispisphavingponpherp
andpherpfamily. Criticalpthinkingpandpclinicalpjudgmentpbothpfollowpapsimilarpforma
Clinicalpjudgment— t.pBothpfollowpstepspfrompcollectingpdataptopdetermin-
thepdo:pJanepusespherpthinkingptopdeveloppandpcarrypoutpapplanpt pingpproblemspandpoutcomes,pdevelopingpandptakingpactions,pandp
hatpusespherpresourcespandpprovidespmorepproductivepstudypti evaluatingpoutcomes.pHowever,pcriticalpthinkingphelpspyoupthinkp
mepandpmorepqualityptimepwithpherpkids. aboutpthepproblem:pWhatpispit?pWhypispitphappen-
ping?pAndpclinicalpjudgmentpleadspyouptopdopsomethingptopmanagep
VOCABULARY thepproblem.
SamplepsentencespwillpvarypforpthepVocabularypproblems. CUEp RECOGNITION
Nursingp process Youpwillpdopmanypthingspforpeachpindividual,pbutpthepFIRSTpthingpisplisted
Definition:pAnporganizingpframeworkpthatplinkspthinkingpwithpnu pbelow.
rsingpactions.pStepspincludepassessment/datapcollection,pnursi
ngpdiagnosis,pplanning,pimplementation,pandpevaluation. 1. Sitptheppatientpupright.
2. Callp911pwhileprunningpacrosspthepstreet.
Criticalpthinking 3. Elevatepthepfeetpoffpthepbedpbypplacingpappillowpunderpthepcalve
Definition:pThepusepofpthosepcognitivep(knowledge)pskillsporpstra spandpallowingpthepfeetptophangpoffpthepedgepofptheppillow.
tegiespthatpincreasepthepprobabilitypofpapdesirablepoutcome.pAl 4. Checkpbloodpglucosepandphavepapglucosepsourcepready.
sopinvolvespreflection,pproblem- 5. Turnptheppatientptopthepsideptoppreventpaspiration.
solving,pandprelatedpthinkingpskills.
Clinicalpjudgment
Definition:pThepobservedpoutcomepofpcriticalpthinkingpandpdecisio
npmaking.pApprocesspthatpusespnursingpknowledge
,2 Chapterp1 Answers
CRITICALp THINKING
Thispispjustponeppossiblepwayptopcompletepapcognitivepmap.
Couldpitpbeplow Amp Ip diabetic? Frontalparea "Sick"p feeling Hard Tylenolphelps Hungerpmakes
bloodpsugar? itpworse
Patient's Wherepispit Quality Aggravatingp and
perception ? alleviatingp factors
Foodp helps
Headache
Usefulp other Severity Timing
data
Sometimesp feel Motherpis 7–8p onp 0– Lastsp1– Beforepmeals Earlypinpth
sickp top stomac diabetic 10 2phours e
h scale oncep starts morning
REVIEWp QUESTIONS takingpvitalpsigns;pdatapcollectionpispthepfirstpsteppinpthepnursi
ngpprocess.p(2,p3,p4)parepallpstepspinpthepnursingpprocess,pforp
Thepcorrectpanswersparepinpboldface.
whichpthepregisteredpnursepispresponsible;pthepLPN/LVNpma
1. (2)pCriticalpthinkingpcanpleadptopbetterpoutcomespforptheppati ypassistpthepregisteredpnursepwithpthese.pNitroglycerinpshould
ent.p(1,p3,p4)pmaypbeptruepbutparepnotpthepbestpanswer. pnotpbepadministeredpwithoutpfirstpknowingptheppatient’spbloo
2. (4)pispcorrect.pThepnursepwhopcanpadmitptopnotpknowingpso dppressure.
methingpispexhibitingpintellectualphumility.p(1)pshowspexperti 7. (2)pindicatespthatptheppatientpispconcernedpaboutpfreedompfro
sepbutpnotpnecessarilypintellectualphumility; mpinjurypandpharm.p(1)prelatesptopbasicpneedspsuchpaspair,poxy
(2) reportingpanperrorpshowspintellectualpintegrity; gen,pandpwater.p(3)prelatesptopfeelingploved.p(4)pisprelatedptoph
(3) empathizingpisppositivepbutpdoespispnotpevidencepofph avingppositivepself-esteem.
umility. 8. (3,p1,p2,p4)pispthepcorrectporderpaccordingptopMaslow.
3. (3,p4,p5,p1,p2)pispthepcorrectporder. 9. (5,p2,p1,p4,p6,p3)pispthepcorrectporder.
4. (1)pispthepbestpdefinition.p(2,p3,p4)pdopnotpdefinepcriticalpthi 10. (3)pshowsptheppatientpispactuallyptakingpaction.p(1,p2,p4)parep
nkingpbutparepexamplespofpgoodpthinking. allppositivepbutpdopnotpshowpintentptoptakepaction.
5. (4)pispcorrect.pEvaluationpdeterminespwhetherpgoalsparepachiev 11. (4)pispthepnurse’spanalysispofpthepsituation.p(1,p2)parepdata
edpandpinterventionspeffective.p(2)pisptheprolepofpthepphysician.p ;p(3)pispaprecommendation.
(1,p3)pencompasspdatapcollectionpandpimple- 12. (1,p2,p3,p4)pshouldpbeppresent.pSincepthepdatapprovidesponl
pmentation,pwhichparepearlierpstepspinpthepnursingpprocess. yphippreplacementpasptheppatient’spproblem,p(5)pthepdietitia
6. (1)pispcorrect.pTheplicensedppracticalpnurse/licensedpvoca- npispnotpnecessary.
ptionalpnursep(LPN/LVN)pcanpcollectpdata,pwhichpincludes
1
, Answers
CHAPTER 2 p EVIDENCE-BASEDp PRACTICE
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE p 1. proof
2. context
AUDIOp CASEp STUDY 3. quality
4. care
Mariep andp Evidence-Basedp Practice 5. randomized
1. Thirdhandpsmokepispthepdangerousptoxinspofpsmokepthatplinge 6. outcomes
rponphair,pclothing,pfurniture,pandpotherpsurfacespinpanpareapaf 7. gold
terpapcigarettepispputpout.pMarieplearnedpthatpexposureptopth 8. nursing
eseptoxinspcanpbepneurotoxicptopchildrenpandpcanptriggerpasth 9. patient’s
mapattackspinpsensitiveppeople. 10. information
2. Evidence-
basedppracticepispconsideredpthepgoldpstandardpofphealthpcare. CLINICALp JUDGMENT
3. Stepp1:pAskpthepburningpquestion.pStepp2:pSearchpandpcolle
ctpthepmostprelevantpandpbestpevidencepavailable.pStepp3:pT 1. Bypquestioningpthepexistingpwaypofpdoingpthingsptopensure
pthatptheppatientpreceivespthepbestpcareppossible
hinkpcritically.pAppraisepthepevidencepforpvalidity,prelevanc
eptopthepsituation,pandpapplicability. 2. Apthoroughpsearchpofpthepliterature,pwithpthepassistancepofpthep
Stepp4:pMeasurepthepoutcomespbeforepandpafterpinstitutingpthepc medicalplibrarian,pinpthepareapofptheirpburningpques-
ptionpregardingpmusicpreducingppreoperativepanxiety.
hange.pStepp5:pMakepitphappen.pStepp6:pEvaluateptheppracticepd
ecisionporpchange. 3. CumulativepIndexptopNursingpandpAlliedpHealthpLiteraturep(
4. Combinationptherapypwithpapnicotineppatchpandpnicotineplozen CINAHL)pDatabase,pJoannapBriggspInstitutepevidence-
gespworkedpbest,palthoughpbupropionp(Zyban)porpvareniclinep( basedpresources,pCochranepReviews,pMedline/pPubMed
Chantix)pandpnicotineplozengespworkedpwell,ptoo.pApCochranep 4. Measureppatientpoutcomespbeforepinstitutingpthepevidence-
Reviewpfoundpthatpadvicepandpsupportpfrompnursingpstaffpcanpi basedpchangepinppracticepsopcomparisonspcanpbepmadepafterpi
ncreaseppatients’psuccesspinpquit- mplementationptopdeterminepifpthepinter-pventionpworked
ptingpsmoking,pespeciallypinpaphospitalpsetting. 5. Evaluatepthepresultsptopdeterminepwhetherpthepchangepmad
epapsignificantpdifferencepandpifpitpwaspvaluablepinptermspofpc
VOCABULARY ostpandptime
SamplepsentencespwillpvarypforpthepVocabularypproblems. REVIEWp QUESTIONS
1. Evidence- Thepcorrectpanswersparepinpboldface.
basedppractice:pApsystematicpprocesspthatpusespcurrentpevidenc
epinpmakingpdecisionspaboutppatientpcare. 1. (3)pispcorrect.pProvidingpanpexplanationpofpwhypsome-
2. Evidence- pthingpispdoneppromotespthepunderstandingpforpwhypitpispimp
informedppractice:pConsiderationpofppatientpfactorspalongpwithp ortantptopbepdonepandpthereforepwillpmoreplikelypbepdone.p(
thepusepofpevidencepforpsharedpdecisionpmakingpbetweenpthephe 1,p2,p4)ponlypcommunicatepthepneedptopperformpaptask.pThey
alth-carepproviderpandptheppatient. pdopnotpprovideprationalepforptheptaskptoppro-
pmotepunderstandingpofpthepimportancepofptheptask.
3. Randomizedpcontrolledptrials:pTruepexperimentalpstudiespinpw
hichpaspmanypfactorspasppossiblepthatpcouldpfalselypchangepthep 2. (3)pispcorrect.pEvidence-
resultsparepcontrolled. basedpnursingpcarepthatphaspbeenpevaluatedpaspappropriatepforpa
4. Research:pScientificpstudy,pinvestigation,porpexperimenta- npagencypprovidespthepbestpandpsafestppatientpcare.p(1)pOpinio
ptionptopestablishpfactspandpanalyzeptheirpsignificance.
nspmaypnotpbepbasedpon
5. Systematicpreview:pApreviewpofprelevantpresearchpusingpguide
lines.
