NR 565 MIDTERM ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
FUNDAMENTAL QUESTION BANK LATEST 2025/2026
EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
.CHAMBERLAIN .
When prescribing medication we must understand that liver
function declines with age due to what cause? a. enlarged liver
b. decreased blood flow to liver
c. increased activity of the hepatic enzymes - ANSWER-
decreased blood flow to liver
a. decreased liver mass
c. decrease in enzyme activity
What is the most important cause of adverse drug
reactions? (older age) a. high drug dosages
b. lack of monitoring medications
c. decreased renal excretion
d. overprescribing/polypharmacy - ANSWER-decreased renal
excretion
At what age can statins be prescribed? - ANSWER-avoid statin
use in children under the age of 10
,CCB role with variant angina - ANSWER-promote relaxation of
coronary artery spasm, increasing cardiac oxygen supply
what medication can be added for patients with worsening
symptoms of HF? - ANSWER-aldosterone antagonist- promotes
myocardial remodeling and fibrosis, help with symptoms
CCB stable angina - ANSWER-promote relaxation of peripheral
arterioles, decreasing afterload and reducing cardiac oxygen
demand
A 41 year old patient comes into the clinic complaining of
increased heart rate after starting nitro patches for stable
angina. What would an appropriate response be?
1. lets lower the dose and frequency of use
2. I will prescribe a BB to help with this
3. Next time this happens, lie down and practice deep breathing,
this will bring your heart rate down - ANSWER-2- I will
prescribe a BB to help with this
What do CYP450 inhibitors and reducers do when not used
correctly/what would patient experience? - ANSWER-increased
side effects, adverse reactions and toxicity
,A 55 year old male comes into the clinic with a gouty arthritis. He
states that he has one flareup a year. Your response is:
1. I will prescribe you glucocorticoids to help with inflammation
2. Lets start you on prophylactic therapy colchicine.
3. It will be helpful to take an NSAID to start with to help relive
some inflammation. I'll prescribe naproxen. - ANSWER-3- in
patients with infrequent flareups, being less than three per
year, treatment of symptoms is all thats needed. NSAIDS are
the first line agent for relieving pain of an acute gout attack.
A patient comes in stating that he tried NSAIDS to relieve a
gouty attack but it hasnt helped. He asks, "what are my
options?" He further states that he has attacks every few years
but when he does NSAIDS do not help. Your response is:
1. I can prescribe a glucocorticoid (prednisone) and that will
bring down the inflammation and pain.
2. Have your tried increasing your dosage of NSAIDS and
drink plenty of water? 3. Lets start by making some changes in
your diet, can you tell me what you eat regularly? - ANSWER-1
3- can also be correct but BEST answer
Distribution of medication can be affected in the elderly in what
ways? SATA
1. decreased hormones
2. increased body fat
, 3. decreased lean mass
4. decreased albumin - ANSWER-2, 3, 4 changes in body
composition associated with age due to an increase in body
fat percentage and decrease in lean muscle mass. There is
also a decrease in total body water. Distribution can also be
impacted by decreased total body water and decreased
cardiac output. Absorption can be impacted by increase
gastric pH, decreased absorption surface area decreased G.I.
motility and decrease gastric emptying. Metabolism can be
impacted by de Cristo paddock blood flow, paddock mask,
and activity of hepatic enzymes. Excretion can be impacted by
decreased renal blood flow, decrease GFR, decrees to both
secretion, and decrease number of nephrons
An 82 year old male visits the clinic complaining that his pain
medications "take forever" to work after he takes his pill. What
are possible reasons you can explain to him?
1.Perhaps we need to increase your dosage.
2.Sometimes as you get older, absorption may be slower
resulting in a delayed response.
3.As we get older the gastric acid decreases and may slow
absorption. -
ANSWER-2&3
FUNDAMENTAL QUESTION BANK LATEST 2025/2026
EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
.CHAMBERLAIN .
When prescribing medication we must understand that liver
function declines with age due to what cause? a. enlarged liver
b. decreased blood flow to liver
c. increased activity of the hepatic enzymes - ANSWER-
decreased blood flow to liver
a. decreased liver mass
c. decrease in enzyme activity
What is the most important cause of adverse drug
reactions? (older age) a. high drug dosages
b. lack of monitoring medications
c. decreased renal excretion
d. overprescribing/polypharmacy - ANSWER-decreased renal
excretion
At what age can statins be prescribed? - ANSWER-avoid statin
use in children under the age of 10
,CCB role with variant angina - ANSWER-promote relaxation of
coronary artery spasm, increasing cardiac oxygen supply
what medication can be added for patients with worsening
symptoms of HF? - ANSWER-aldosterone antagonist- promotes
myocardial remodeling and fibrosis, help with symptoms
CCB stable angina - ANSWER-promote relaxation of peripheral
arterioles, decreasing afterload and reducing cardiac oxygen
demand
A 41 year old patient comes into the clinic complaining of
increased heart rate after starting nitro patches for stable
angina. What would an appropriate response be?
1. lets lower the dose and frequency of use
2. I will prescribe a BB to help with this
3. Next time this happens, lie down and practice deep breathing,
this will bring your heart rate down - ANSWER-2- I will
prescribe a BB to help with this
What do CYP450 inhibitors and reducers do when not used
correctly/what would patient experience? - ANSWER-increased
side effects, adverse reactions and toxicity
,A 55 year old male comes into the clinic with a gouty arthritis. He
states that he has one flareup a year. Your response is:
1. I will prescribe you glucocorticoids to help with inflammation
2. Lets start you on prophylactic therapy colchicine.
3. It will be helpful to take an NSAID to start with to help relive
some inflammation. I'll prescribe naproxen. - ANSWER-3- in
patients with infrequent flareups, being less than three per
year, treatment of symptoms is all thats needed. NSAIDS are
the first line agent for relieving pain of an acute gout attack.
A patient comes in stating that he tried NSAIDS to relieve a
gouty attack but it hasnt helped. He asks, "what are my
options?" He further states that he has attacks every few years
but when he does NSAIDS do not help. Your response is:
1. I can prescribe a glucocorticoid (prednisone) and that will
bring down the inflammation and pain.
2. Have your tried increasing your dosage of NSAIDS and
drink plenty of water? 3. Lets start by making some changes in
your diet, can you tell me what you eat regularly? - ANSWER-1
3- can also be correct but BEST answer
Distribution of medication can be affected in the elderly in what
ways? SATA
1. decreased hormones
2. increased body fat
, 3. decreased lean mass
4. decreased albumin - ANSWER-2, 3, 4 changes in body
composition associated with age due to an increase in body
fat percentage and decrease in lean muscle mass. There is
also a decrease in total body water. Distribution can also be
impacted by decreased total body water and decreased
cardiac output. Absorption can be impacted by increase
gastric pH, decreased absorption surface area decreased G.I.
motility and decrease gastric emptying. Metabolism can be
impacted by de Cristo paddock blood flow, paddock mask,
and activity of hepatic enzymes. Excretion can be impacted by
decreased renal blood flow, decrease GFR, decrees to both
secretion, and decrease number of nephrons
An 82 year old male visits the clinic complaining that his pain
medications "take forever" to work after he takes his pill. What
are possible reasons you can explain to him?
1.Perhaps we need to increase your dosage.
2.Sometimes as you get older, absorption may be slower
resulting in a delayed response.
3.As we get older the gastric acid decreases and may slow
absorption. -
ANSWER-2&3
