Concordia University - Bio266 F23 - Final
Exam Q&A 100% Guaranteed Success
How does the Na+/K+ pump work? - ✔✔the hydrolysis of ATP by the pump
provides the energy needed for the active transport of 3 NA+ ions out of the cell
and 2 K+ ions into the cell, generating the gradients
Where does glycolysis take place? - ✔✔cytosol
Where does the electron transport chain occur? - ✔✔inner mitochondrial
membrane
Where does the citric acid cycle occur? - ✔✔mitochondrial matrix
Senescence - ✔✔process of aging, cells will only divide in medium 25-40 times
before they stop growing
membrane domains - ✔✔functionally specialized regions on the cell or
organelle surface; some proteins are confined to a local area
subcellular fractionation - ✔✔uses centrifugation to separate/isolate organelles
while (mostly) preserving their shape
If the charge of the inside of the cell is positive, what is the membrane
potential? - ✔✔The membrane potential is positive
1|Page
©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
,With regards to the concentration gradient, how does a CHANNEL move
molecules? - ✔✔A channel transports molecules DOWN their concentration
gradients (no energy required)
In glycolysis, one molecule of glucose produces: - ✔✔2 ATP (made 4, used 2) + 2
NADH + 2 Pyruvate
What does the NADH Dehydrogenase Complex do in the ETC? - ✔✔It takes 2
Electrons from NADH and delivers them to Ubiquinone which pumps protons
out of the matrix
What types of molecules easily and passively diffuse into the cell? - ✔✔Small,
uncharged (nonpolar) particles
Which proteins are made on free ribosomes? - ✔✔Nuclear proteins, Cytosolic
proteins, Mitochondrial Proteins
What do membrane bound ribosomes do? - ✔✔Synthesize proteins that are
destined for export, lysosomal proteins, and plasma membrane proteins
P-Class Pumps - ✔✔Picture Na+/K+ pump, must be phosphorylated to pump
ions
V-Class pumps - ✔✔Are responsible for pumping H+ ions
Integral Proteins - ✔✔Directly attached to the lipid bilayer
2|Page
©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
, Highest resolution of an ELECTRON microscope? - ✔✔0.2nm
If a protein has no sorting signal, where is it destined for? - ✔✔Cytosol; can also
diffuse into nucleus if it is smaller than 40 kilodaltons but will eventually diffuse
out just like it entered
In the light reaction, H+ ions are pumped into the ___________ - ✔✔Thylakoid
Space
In the calvin cycle, CO2 and NADPH are used to create what? - ✔✔A sugar
(glyeraldehyde 3-Phosphate)
Photosystem II gets its electrons donated from ________ - ✔✔H2O
In the Electron Transport chain, H+ ions are pumped into the ________________
- ✔✔Intermembrane Space
Phosphatidylcholine - ✔✔Common phospholipid present in abundance in most
cell membranes; primarily on the outer leaflet of the cell membrane
Phosphatidylserine - ✔✔found primarily on the inner leaflet of the phospholipid
bilayer, flips to outside during apoptosis
cell cortex - ✔✔plasma membrane is stabilized by a meshwork of filamentous
proteins
3|Page
©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
Exam Q&A 100% Guaranteed Success
How does the Na+/K+ pump work? - ✔✔the hydrolysis of ATP by the pump
provides the energy needed for the active transport of 3 NA+ ions out of the cell
and 2 K+ ions into the cell, generating the gradients
Where does glycolysis take place? - ✔✔cytosol
Where does the electron transport chain occur? - ✔✔inner mitochondrial
membrane
Where does the citric acid cycle occur? - ✔✔mitochondrial matrix
Senescence - ✔✔process of aging, cells will only divide in medium 25-40 times
before they stop growing
membrane domains - ✔✔functionally specialized regions on the cell or
organelle surface; some proteins are confined to a local area
subcellular fractionation - ✔✔uses centrifugation to separate/isolate organelles
while (mostly) preserving their shape
If the charge of the inside of the cell is positive, what is the membrane
potential? - ✔✔The membrane potential is positive
1|Page
©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
,With regards to the concentration gradient, how does a CHANNEL move
molecules? - ✔✔A channel transports molecules DOWN their concentration
gradients (no energy required)
In glycolysis, one molecule of glucose produces: - ✔✔2 ATP (made 4, used 2) + 2
NADH + 2 Pyruvate
What does the NADH Dehydrogenase Complex do in the ETC? - ✔✔It takes 2
Electrons from NADH and delivers them to Ubiquinone which pumps protons
out of the matrix
What types of molecules easily and passively diffuse into the cell? - ✔✔Small,
uncharged (nonpolar) particles
Which proteins are made on free ribosomes? - ✔✔Nuclear proteins, Cytosolic
proteins, Mitochondrial Proteins
What do membrane bound ribosomes do? - ✔✔Synthesize proteins that are
destined for export, lysosomal proteins, and plasma membrane proteins
P-Class Pumps - ✔✔Picture Na+/K+ pump, must be phosphorylated to pump
ions
V-Class pumps - ✔✔Are responsible for pumping H+ ions
Integral Proteins - ✔✔Directly attached to the lipid bilayer
2|Page
©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
, Highest resolution of an ELECTRON microscope? - ✔✔0.2nm
If a protein has no sorting signal, where is it destined for? - ✔✔Cytosol; can also
diffuse into nucleus if it is smaller than 40 kilodaltons but will eventually diffuse
out just like it entered
In the light reaction, H+ ions are pumped into the ___________ - ✔✔Thylakoid
Space
In the calvin cycle, CO2 and NADPH are used to create what? - ✔✔A sugar
(glyeraldehyde 3-Phosphate)
Photosystem II gets its electrons donated from ________ - ✔✔H2O
In the Electron Transport chain, H+ ions are pumped into the ________________
- ✔✔Intermembrane Space
Phosphatidylcholine - ✔✔Common phospholipid present in abundance in most
cell membranes; primarily on the outer leaflet of the cell membrane
Phosphatidylserine - ✔✔found primarily on the inner leaflet of the phospholipid
bilayer, flips to outside during apoptosis
cell cortex - ✔✔plasma membrane is stabilized by a meshwork of filamentous
proteins
3|Page
©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
