,Chapter gh01: ghIntroduction ghto ghImaging ghand ghRadiologic ghSciences
Adler: ghIntroduction ghto ghRadiologic ghand ghImaging ghSciences ghand ghPatient ghCare, gh8th ghEdition
MULTIPLE ghCHOICE
1. The ghuse ghof ghx-rays ghto ghcreate gha ghmedical ghimage ghon ghpatients ghis ghreferred ghto ghas
a. electrocardiography.
b. radiography.
c. sonography.
d. magnetic ghresonance ghimaging.
ANS: g h g h B
Radiography ghis ghthe ghmaking ghof ghrecords ghof ghinternal ghstructures ghof ghthe ghbody ghby ghpassage
ghof ghx-rays ghor ghgamma ghrays ghthrough ghthe ghbody. ghThese ghrecords ghor ghimages ghare ghtypically
ghreferred ghto ghas ghradiographs.
REF: p. gh4
2. Particular ghcare ghmust ghbe ghtaken ghwhen ghusing ghradiation ghfor ghmedical ghimaging. ghThis ghis ghthe
ghresult ghof ghradiation’s ghability ghto ghcreate gh in ghhuman ghtissue ghand ghpossible ghbiochemical
ghchanges.
a. ionizations
b. radio ghwaves
c. sound ghwaves
d. thermal ghchanges
ANS: g h g h A
Some ghforms ghof ghelectromagnetic ghenergy, ghincluding ghx-rays, ghhave ghthe ghability ghto ghionize
ghatoms ghin ghmatter. ghThese ghionizations ghhave ghthe ghability ghto ghdisrupt ghthe ghcomposition ghof
ghmatter ghand ghare ghcapable ghof ghdisrupting ghlife ghprocesses. ghSpecial ghprotection ghshould ghbe
ghprovided ghto ghprevent ghexcessive ghexposure ghto ghionizing ghradiation.
REF: p. gh3
3. In ghthe ghdiagnosis ghof ghpatient ghdisease ghstates, ghphysicians ghcan ghselect ghfrom ghan gharray ghof
ghmedical ghdiagnostic ghmodalities. ghA ghfew ghof ghthese ghinvolve ghthe ghuse ghof ghionizing ghenergy
ghto ghcreate gha ghmedical ghimage. ghIf gha ghphysician ghis ghconcerned ghabout ghthe ghuse ghof ghionizing
ghradiation, ghhe ghor ghshe ghmay ghchoose ghto ghorder ghany ghof ghthe ghfollowing ghdiagnostic
ghmodalities ghEXCEPT
a. thermograms.
b. medical ghsonography.
c. radiography.
d. magnetic ghresonance ghimaging.
ANS: g h g h C
Radiography ghinvolves ghthe ghuse ghof ghx-rays ghfor ghthe ghproduction ghof ghmedical ghimages.
ghMedical ghprocedures ghsuch ghas ghthermograms, ghsonograms, ghand ghmagnetic ghresonance ghscans
ghuse ghnonionizing ghenergy ghforms ghand ghconsequently ghdo ghnot ghproduce ghionizations ghin
ghhuman ghtissue. ghThey ghare ghregarded ghas ghnonionizing ghmodalities ghfor ghimaging ghand ghoffer
ghexcellent ghalternatives ghto ghphysicians ghconcerned ghabout ghradiation ghexposure ghto ghpatients.
, REF: g h g h pp. gh3-4
4. The ghGreek ghphysician ghHippocrates ghis ghregarded ghas ghthe ghfather ghof ghWestern ghmedicine. ghAll
ghof ghthe ghfollowing ghchoices ghrepresent ghhis ghmedical ghbeliefs ghEXCEPT ghthe
a. use ghof ghhigh ghethical ghstandards ghof ghconduct.
b. important ghmedical ghvalue ghof ghsorcery ghand ghwitchcraft.
c. importance ghof ghclosely ghmonitoring gha ghpatient’s ghcondition ghand ghrecovery.
d. value ghof ghdiet ghand ghexercise ghand ghallowing ghnature ghto ghtake ghits ghcourse ghin ghrecovery.
ANS: g h g h B
The ghHippocratic ghCorpus ghis ghwritings ghthat ghthey ghemphasize ghrational ghand ghnatural
ghexplanations ghfor ghthe ghtreatment ghof ghdisease ghand ghreject ghsorcery ghand ghmagic. ghThe
ghHippocratic ghoath ghstill ghgoverns ghthe ghethical ghconduct ghof ghphysicians ghtoday.
REF: p. gh5
5. Throughout ghthe ghhistory ghof ghmedicine, ghremarkable ghachievements ghhave ghbeen ghrecorded.
ghThese ghevents ghhave ghled ghto ghour ghcurrent ghunderstanding ghof ghthe ghhuman ghorganism ghand
ghdisease. ghAs ghthis ghresearch ghcontinues, ghmuch ghof ghit ghwill ghmost ghlikely ghfocus ghon
a. proper ghsanitation ghand ghpublic ghhealth.
b. immunology ghand ghthe ghdevelopment ghof ghvaccines.
c. germ ghtheory ghand ghinfection.
d. human ghgenes ghand ghgenetic ghengineering.
ANS: g h g h D
Although ghthe ghHuman ghGenome ghProject ghis ghfinished, ghanalyses ghof ghthe ghdata ghwill ghcontinue
ghfor ghmany ghyears. ghThe ghreplacement ghof ghfaulty ghgenes ghthrough ghgene ghtherapy ghoffers
ghpromises ghof ghcures ghfor gha ghvariety ghof ghhereditary ghdiseases, ghand ghthrough ghgenetic
ghengineering, ghimportant ghpharmaceuticals ghcontinue ghto ghbe ghdeveloped. ghMedical ghresearch
ghwill ghcontinue ghto ghfocus ghon ghthe ghgenetic ghcode ghin ghall ghcells.
REF: p. gh6
6. Wilhelm ghC. ghRoentgen’s ghdiscovery ghof gh―the ghx-ray‖ ghis ghregarded ghas ghone ghof ghmedicine’s
ghmost ghsignificant ghachievements. ghAlthough ghhis ghdiscovery ghwas ghaccidental, ghhis ghearly
ghresearch ghwas ghso ghthorough ghthat ghno ghsignificant ghfindings ghhave ghbeen ghadded ghto ghhis
ghoriginal ghtheories. ghThis ghin ghitself ghis gha ghtrue ghtribute ghto ghthe ghbrilliance ghof ghRoentgen ghas gha
ghscientist. ghOne ghof ghthe ghmost ghfamous ghearly ghimages ghhe ghcreated ghwas ghan ghx-ray ghimage
ghof ghhis
a. colon.
b. laboratory ghassistant’s ghfoot.
c. wife’s ghhand.
d. kidneys.
ANS: g h g h C
November gh8, gh1895, ghis ghbelieved ghby ghhistorians ghto ghbe ghthe ghday ghthat ghRoentgen ghcreated ghthe
ghfamous ghimage ghof ghthe ghhand ghof ghhis ghwife. ghThrough ghhis ghinvestigative ghmethods,
ghRoentgen ghidentified ghthe ghproperties ghof ghx-rays.
REF: p. gh6
, 7. A ghvaluable ghx-ray ghprocedure ghused ghto ghdiagnose gha ghmyocardial ghinfarction ghis
a. mammography.
b. myelography.
c. arthrography.
d. coronary gharteriography.
ANS: g h g h D
Coronary gharteriography ghis ghan ghextremely ghvaluable ghtool ghin ghdiagnosing ghatherosclerosis,
ghwhich ghcan ghblock ghthe ghcoronary gharteries ghand ghcause gha ghheart ghattack gh(myocardial
ghinfarction). ghBy ghway ghof gha ghspecial ghcatheter ghwith gha ghballoon ghtip, gheffective ghtreatment ghof
ghatherosclerosis ghis ghpossible. ghThis ghtreatment ghof gha ghblocked ghblood ghvessel ghis ghtermed
ghangioplasty. ghAngioplasty ghis ghused ghto ghtreat ghpatients ghwithout ghhaving ghto ghuse ghinvasive
ghopen-heart ghsurgery.
REF: p. gh8
8. All ghof ghthe ghfollowing ghare ghtrue ghof ghthe ghdiagnostic ghprocedure ghof ghmammography ghEXCEPT
a. it ghis ghvery ghvaluable ghfor ghthe ghdetection ghof ghearly ghbreast ghcancers.
b. the ghprocedures ghmay ghbe ghperformed ghusing gha ghgeneral ghradiographic ghmachine.
c. radiographers ghneed ghto ghbe ghspecially ghtrained ghin ghorder ghto ghperform ghmammography.
d. radiographers ghmust ghbe ghcertified ghby ghthe ghARRT ghto ghqualify ghfor ghthe
ghmammography ghexamination.
ANS: g h g h B
Special ghbreast ghimaging ghcenters ghhave ghbeen ghbuilt ghto ghaccommodate ghthe ghdemand ghfor
ghmammography ghprocedures. ghEquipment ghand ghsupplies, ghsuch ghas gha ghspecially ghdesigned ghx-ray
ghtube ghand ghhigh-resolution ghdigital ghimaging ghdetectors, ghare ghused ghto ghcreate ghhigh-quality
ghbreast ghimages. ghMammography ghcannot ghbe ghperformed ghusing ghgeneral ghx-ray ghequipment.
REF: p. gh8
9. To ghstudy ghthe ghblood ghvessels ghof ghthe ghbrain, ghkidneys, ghliver, ghand ghother ghorgans, ghcontrast
ghmaterial ghis ghadministered ghinto ghthese ghvessels ghby ghusing
a. catheters.
b. stents.
c. balloons.
d. none ghof ghthe ghabove.
ANS: g h g h A
Angiography ghis ghthe ghterm ghfor ghradiologic ghexamination ghof ghthe ghblood ghvessels ghafter
ghinjection ghof gha ghcontrast ghmedium. ghMost ghoften, ghthe ghcontrast ghmaterial ghis ghinjected
ghthrough gha ghcatheter, ghwhich ghcan ghbe ghdirected ghto gha ghvariety ghof ghmajor gharteries ghor ghveins
ghfor ghvisualization ghof ghthese ghstructures.
REF: p. gh8
10. Radiologic ghscience ghcontinues ghto ghbe ghone ghof ghthe ghmost ghexciting ghprofessions ghin
ghmedicine. ghAn ghimaging ghmodality ghthat ghuses ghno ghionizing ghradiation ghand ghthe ghenergy
ghof ghradio ghwaves ghand ghmagnetic ghfields ghis
a. nuclear ghimaging.
b. thermography.
c. CVIT.
Adler: ghIntroduction ghto ghRadiologic ghand ghImaging ghSciences ghand ghPatient ghCare, gh8th ghEdition
MULTIPLE ghCHOICE
1. The ghuse ghof ghx-rays ghto ghcreate gha ghmedical ghimage ghon ghpatients ghis ghreferred ghto ghas
a. electrocardiography.
b. radiography.
c. sonography.
d. magnetic ghresonance ghimaging.
ANS: g h g h B
Radiography ghis ghthe ghmaking ghof ghrecords ghof ghinternal ghstructures ghof ghthe ghbody ghby ghpassage
ghof ghx-rays ghor ghgamma ghrays ghthrough ghthe ghbody. ghThese ghrecords ghor ghimages ghare ghtypically
ghreferred ghto ghas ghradiographs.
REF: p. gh4
2. Particular ghcare ghmust ghbe ghtaken ghwhen ghusing ghradiation ghfor ghmedical ghimaging. ghThis ghis ghthe
ghresult ghof ghradiation’s ghability ghto ghcreate gh in ghhuman ghtissue ghand ghpossible ghbiochemical
ghchanges.
a. ionizations
b. radio ghwaves
c. sound ghwaves
d. thermal ghchanges
ANS: g h g h A
Some ghforms ghof ghelectromagnetic ghenergy, ghincluding ghx-rays, ghhave ghthe ghability ghto ghionize
ghatoms ghin ghmatter. ghThese ghionizations ghhave ghthe ghability ghto ghdisrupt ghthe ghcomposition ghof
ghmatter ghand ghare ghcapable ghof ghdisrupting ghlife ghprocesses. ghSpecial ghprotection ghshould ghbe
ghprovided ghto ghprevent ghexcessive ghexposure ghto ghionizing ghradiation.
REF: p. gh3
3. In ghthe ghdiagnosis ghof ghpatient ghdisease ghstates, ghphysicians ghcan ghselect ghfrom ghan gharray ghof
ghmedical ghdiagnostic ghmodalities. ghA ghfew ghof ghthese ghinvolve ghthe ghuse ghof ghionizing ghenergy
ghto ghcreate gha ghmedical ghimage. ghIf gha ghphysician ghis ghconcerned ghabout ghthe ghuse ghof ghionizing
ghradiation, ghhe ghor ghshe ghmay ghchoose ghto ghorder ghany ghof ghthe ghfollowing ghdiagnostic
ghmodalities ghEXCEPT
a. thermograms.
b. medical ghsonography.
c. radiography.
d. magnetic ghresonance ghimaging.
ANS: g h g h C
Radiography ghinvolves ghthe ghuse ghof ghx-rays ghfor ghthe ghproduction ghof ghmedical ghimages.
ghMedical ghprocedures ghsuch ghas ghthermograms, ghsonograms, ghand ghmagnetic ghresonance ghscans
ghuse ghnonionizing ghenergy ghforms ghand ghconsequently ghdo ghnot ghproduce ghionizations ghin
ghhuman ghtissue. ghThey ghare ghregarded ghas ghnonionizing ghmodalities ghfor ghimaging ghand ghoffer
ghexcellent ghalternatives ghto ghphysicians ghconcerned ghabout ghradiation ghexposure ghto ghpatients.
, REF: g h g h pp. gh3-4
4. The ghGreek ghphysician ghHippocrates ghis ghregarded ghas ghthe ghfather ghof ghWestern ghmedicine. ghAll
ghof ghthe ghfollowing ghchoices ghrepresent ghhis ghmedical ghbeliefs ghEXCEPT ghthe
a. use ghof ghhigh ghethical ghstandards ghof ghconduct.
b. important ghmedical ghvalue ghof ghsorcery ghand ghwitchcraft.
c. importance ghof ghclosely ghmonitoring gha ghpatient’s ghcondition ghand ghrecovery.
d. value ghof ghdiet ghand ghexercise ghand ghallowing ghnature ghto ghtake ghits ghcourse ghin ghrecovery.
ANS: g h g h B
The ghHippocratic ghCorpus ghis ghwritings ghthat ghthey ghemphasize ghrational ghand ghnatural
ghexplanations ghfor ghthe ghtreatment ghof ghdisease ghand ghreject ghsorcery ghand ghmagic. ghThe
ghHippocratic ghoath ghstill ghgoverns ghthe ghethical ghconduct ghof ghphysicians ghtoday.
REF: p. gh5
5. Throughout ghthe ghhistory ghof ghmedicine, ghremarkable ghachievements ghhave ghbeen ghrecorded.
ghThese ghevents ghhave ghled ghto ghour ghcurrent ghunderstanding ghof ghthe ghhuman ghorganism ghand
ghdisease. ghAs ghthis ghresearch ghcontinues, ghmuch ghof ghit ghwill ghmost ghlikely ghfocus ghon
a. proper ghsanitation ghand ghpublic ghhealth.
b. immunology ghand ghthe ghdevelopment ghof ghvaccines.
c. germ ghtheory ghand ghinfection.
d. human ghgenes ghand ghgenetic ghengineering.
ANS: g h g h D
Although ghthe ghHuman ghGenome ghProject ghis ghfinished, ghanalyses ghof ghthe ghdata ghwill ghcontinue
ghfor ghmany ghyears. ghThe ghreplacement ghof ghfaulty ghgenes ghthrough ghgene ghtherapy ghoffers
ghpromises ghof ghcures ghfor gha ghvariety ghof ghhereditary ghdiseases, ghand ghthrough ghgenetic
ghengineering, ghimportant ghpharmaceuticals ghcontinue ghto ghbe ghdeveloped. ghMedical ghresearch
ghwill ghcontinue ghto ghfocus ghon ghthe ghgenetic ghcode ghin ghall ghcells.
REF: p. gh6
6. Wilhelm ghC. ghRoentgen’s ghdiscovery ghof gh―the ghx-ray‖ ghis ghregarded ghas ghone ghof ghmedicine’s
ghmost ghsignificant ghachievements. ghAlthough ghhis ghdiscovery ghwas ghaccidental, ghhis ghearly
ghresearch ghwas ghso ghthorough ghthat ghno ghsignificant ghfindings ghhave ghbeen ghadded ghto ghhis
ghoriginal ghtheories. ghThis ghin ghitself ghis gha ghtrue ghtribute ghto ghthe ghbrilliance ghof ghRoentgen ghas gha
ghscientist. ghOne ghof ghthe ghmost ghfamous ghearly ghimages ghhe ghcreated ghwas ghan ghx-ray ghimage
ghof ghhis
a. colon.
b. laboratory ghassistant’s ghfoot.
c. wife’s ghhand.
d. kidneys.
ANS: g h g h C
November gh8, gh1895, ghis ghbelieved ghby ghhistorians ghto ghbe ghthe ghday ghthat ghRoentgen ghcreated ghthe
ghfamous ghimage ghof ghthe ghhand ghof ghhis ghwife. ghThrough ghhis ghinvestigative ghmethods,
ghRoentgen ghidentified ghthe ghproperties ghof ghx-rays.
REF: p. gh6
, 7. A ghvaluable ghx-ray ghprocedure ghused ghto ghdiagnose gha ghmyocardial ghinfarction ghis
a. mammography.
b. myelography.
c. arthrography.
d. coronary gharteriography.
ANS: g h g h D
Coronary gharteriography ghis ghan ghextremely ghvaluable ghtool ghin ghdiagnosing ghatherosclerosis,
ghwhich ghcan ghblock ghthe ghcoronary gharteries ghand ghcause gha ghheart ghattack gh(myocardial
ghinfarction). ghBy ghway ghof gha ghspecial ghcatheter ghwith gha ghballoon ghtip, gheffective ghtreatment ghof
ghatherosclerosis ghis ghpossible. ghThis ghtreatment ghof gha ghblocked ghblood ghvessel ghis ghtermed
ghangioplasty. ghAngioplasty ghis ghused ghto ghtreat ghpatients ghwithout ghhaving ghto ghuse ghinvasive
ghopen-heart ghsurgery.
REF: p. gh8
8. All ghof ghthe ghfollowing ghare ghtrue ghof ghthe ghdiagnostic ghprocedure ghof ghmammography ghEXCEPT
a. it ghis ghvery ghvaluable ghfor ghthe ghdetection ghof ghearly ghbreast ghcancers.
b. the ghprocedures ghmay ghbe ghperformed ghusing gha ghgeneral ghradiographic ghmachine.
c. radiographers ghneed ghto ghbe ghspecially ghtrained ghin ghorder ghto ghperform ghmammography.
d. radiographers ghmust ghbe ghcertified ghby ghthe ghARRT ghto ghqualify ghfor ghthe
ghmammography ghexamination.
ANS: g h g h B
Special ghbreast ghimaging ghcenters ghhave ghbeen ghbuilt ghto ghaccommodate ghthe ghdemand ghfor
ghmammography ghprocedures. ghEquipment ghand ghsupplies, ghsuch ghas gha ghspecially ghdesigned ghx-ray
ghtube ghand ghhigh-resolution ghdigital ghimaging ghdetectors, ghare ghused ghto ghcreate ghhigh-quality
ghbreast ghimages. ghMammography ghcannot ghbe ghperformed ghusing ghgeneral ghx-ray ghequipment.
REF: p. gh8
9. To ghstudy ghthe ghblood ghvessels ghof ghthe ghbrain, ghkidneys, ghliver, ghand ghother ghorgans, ghcontrast
ghmaterial ghis ghadministered ghinto ghthese ghvessels ghby ghusing
a. catheters.
b. stents.
c. balloons.
d. none ghof ghthe ghabove.
ANS: g h g h A
Angiography ghis ghthe ghterm ghfor ghradiologic ghexamination ghof ghthe ghblood ghvessels ghafter
ghinjection ghof gha ghcontrast ghmedium. ghMost ghoften, ghthe ghcontrast ghmaterial ghis ghinjected
ghthrough gha ghcatheter, ghwhich ghcan ghbe ghdirected ghto gha ghvariety ghof ghmajor gharteries ghor ghveins
ghfor ghvisualization ghof ghthese ghstructures.
REF: p. gh8
10. Radiologic ghscience ghcontinues ghto ghbe ghone ghof ghthe ghmost ghexciting ghprofessions ghin
ghmedicine. ghAn ghimaging ghmodality ghthat ghuses ghno ghionizing ghradiation ghand ghthe ghenergy
ghof ghradio ghwaves ghand ghmagnetic ghfields ghis
a. nuclear ghimaging.
b. thermography.
c. CVIT.
