©BRAINBARTER 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
ASBOG Fundamentals of Geology Exam
Questions And Answers. Updated And
Verified.
What is Geology? - Answer✔In its broadest sense, geology is the study of Earth — its interior
and its exterior surface, the rocks and other materials that are around us, the processes that
have resulted in the formation of those materials, the water that flows over the surface and lies
underground, the changes that have taken place over the vastness of geological time, and the
changes that we can anticipate will take place in the near future.
Igneous rocks for from? - Answer✔magma
A mineral is a ? - Answer✔naturally occurring combination of specific elements that are
arranged in a particular repeating three-dimensional structure or lattice
Difference between a mineral and a rock? - Answer✔A mineral is a pure substance with a
specific composition and structure, while a rock is typically a mixture of several different
minerals (although a few types of rock may include only one type of mineral)
Earth's core consists mostly of? - Answer✔Earth's core consists mostly of iron
The outer core is a solid or a liquid? - Answer✔liquid
The inner core is hotter than the outer core, but is it a liquid? - Answer✔No, too much pressure
The mantle is made up of? - Answer✔The mantle is made up of iron and magnesium silicate
minerals.
Most of the mantle is solid, liquid, or something in between? - Answer✔The bulk of the mantle,
surrounding the outer core, is solid rock, but is plastic enough to be able to flow slowly.
Is the asthenosphere molten? - Answer✔some areas
Continental crust is composed mostly of? - Answer✔Granite
Oceanic crust is composed mostly of? - Answer✔Basalt
The lithosphere is? - Answer✔The crust and outermost rigid mantle
what section of the Earth are the tectonic plates? - Answer✔Lithosphere
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, ©BRAINBARTER 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
The geothermal gradient is ~? - Answer✔the rate of temperature increase is about 30°C/km
The unit Ma (time) is? - Answer✔millions of years
The unit Ga (time) is? - Answer✔billions of years
The unit ka (time) is? - Answer✔thousands of years
The Phanerozoic Eon started? - Answer✔542 Ma
What moves plate tectonics? - Answer✔Convection currents
How old is Earth? - Answer✔4.57 Ga
all atoms are made up of what main particles - Answer✔protons, neutrons, and electrons
The number of protons is the... - Answer✔atomic number
Protons+Neutrons= - Answer✔Atomic mass
Sodium and chlorine atoms come together to form a ? - Answer✔ionic bond
Sharing of e- is known as? - Answer✔covalent bonds
Silica and oxygen bond together to create a ? - Answer✔Silica Tetrahedron
MOst abundant element in Earth's crust? - Answer✔Oxygen
Second most abundant element in Earths crust? - Answer✔Silicon
A silicate mineral is one in which - Answer✔silicon and oxygen are present as silica tetrahedra
Diamonds is composed entirely of what kind of bond? - Answer✔strong covalent bonds
What are all the mineral groups - Answer✔Oxides, Sulphides, sulphates, Halides, Carbonates,
Phosphates, Silicates, Native minerals
Sulphides - Answer✔are minerals with the S-2 anion, and they include galena (PbS), sphalerite
(ZnS), chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), and molybdenite (MoS2),
Sulfates - Answer✔are minerals with the SO4-2 anion, and these include anhydrite (CaSO4) and
its cousin gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) and the sulphates of barium and strontium: barite (BaSO4)
and celestite (SrSO4).
Halides - Answer✔are so named because the anions include the halogen elements chlorine,
fluorine, bromine, etc. Examples are halite (NaCl), cryolite (Na3AlF6), and fluorite (CaF2).
Carbonates - Answer✔include minerals in which the anion is the CO3-2 complex. The carbonate
combines with +2 cations to form minerals such as calcite (CaCO3), magnesite (MgCO3),
dolomite ((Ca,Mg)CO3), and siderite (FeCO3).
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ASBOG Fundamentals of Geology Exam
Questions And Answers. Updated And
Verified.
What is Geology? - Answer✔In its broadest sense, geology is the study of Earth — its interior
and its exterior surface, the rocks and other materials that are around us, the processes that
have resulted in the formation of those materials, the water that flows over the surface and lies
underground, the changes that have taken place over the vastness of geological time, and the
changes that we can anticipate will take place in the near future.
Igneous rocks for from? - Answer✔magma
A mineral is a ? - Answer✔naturally occurring combination of specific elements that are
arranged in a particular repeating three-dimensional structure or lattice
Difference between a mineral and a rock? - Answer✔A mineral is a pure substance with a
specific composition and structure, while a rock is typically a mixture of several different
minerals (although a few types of rock may include only one type of mineral)
Earth's core consists mostly of? - Answer✔Earth's core consists mostly of iron
The outer core is a solid or a liquid? - Answer✔liquid
The inner core is hotter than the outer core, but is it a liquid? - Answer✔No, too much pressure
The mantle is made up of? - Answer✔The mantle is made up of iron and magnesium silicate
minerals.
Most of the mantle is solid, liquid, or something in between? - Answer✔The bulk of the mantle,
surrounding the outer core, is solid rock, but is plastic enough to be able to flow slowly.
Is the asthenosphere molten? - Answer✔some areas
Continental crust is composed mostly of? - Answer✔Granite
Oceanic crust is composed mostly of? - Answer✔Basalt
The lithosphere is? - Answer✔The crust and outermost rigid mantle
what section of the Earth are the tectonic plates? - Answer✔Lithosphere
1|Page
, ©BRAINBARTER 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
The geothermal gradient is ~? - Answer✔the rate of temperature increase is about 30°C/km
The unit Ma (time) is? - Answer✔millions of years
The unit Ga (time) is? - Answer✔billions of years
The unit ka (time) is? - Answer✔thousands of years
The Phanerozoic Eon started? - Answer✔542 Ma
What moves plate tectonics? - Answer✔Convection currents
How old is Earth? - Answer✔4.57 Ga
all atoms are made up of what main particles - Answer✔protons, neutrons, and electrons
The number of protons is the... - Answer✔atomic number
Protons+Neutrons= - Answer✔Atomic mass
Sodium and chlorine atoms come together to form a ? - Answer✔ionic bond
Sharing of e- is known as? - Answer✔covalent bonds
Silica and oxygen bond together to create a ? - Answer✔Silica Tetrahedron
MOst abundant element in Earth's crust? - Answer✔Oxygen
Second most abundant element in Earths crust? - Answer✔Silicon
A silicate mineral is one in which - Answer✔silicon and oxygen are present as silica tetrahedra
Diamonds is composed entirely of what kind of bond? - Answer✔strong covalent bonds
What are all the mineral groups - Answer✔Oxides, Sulphides, sulphates, Halides, Carbonates,
Phosphates, Silicates, Native minerals
Sulphides - Answer✔are minerals with the S-2 anion, and they include galena (PbS), sphalerite
(ZnS), chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), and molybdenite (MoS2),
Sulfates - Answer✔are minerals with the SO4-2 anion, and these include anhydrite (CaSO4) and
its cousin gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) and the sulphates of barium and strontium: barite (BaSO4)
and celestite (SrSO4).
Halides - Answer✔are so named because the anions include the halogen elements chlorine,
fluorine, bromine, etc. Examples are halite (NaCl), cryolite (Na3AlF6), and fluorite (CaF2).
Carbonates - Answer✔include minerals in which the anion is the CO3-2 complex. The carbonate
combines with +2 cations to form minerals such as calcite (CaCO3), magnesite (MgCO3),
dolomite ((Ca,Mg)CO3), and siderite (FeCO3).
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