Final Exam: NR 566/ NR566 (New 2025/ 2026 Update) Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals for Care of the Family Review| Questions & Answers| Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified Solutions)- Chamberlain

Finall Exam:l NRl 566/l NR566l (Newl 2025/l
2026l Update)l Advancedl Pharmacologyl
forl Carel ofl thel Familyl Review|l
Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l 100%l
Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l Chamberlain

QUESTION
Whatl isl thel mechanisml ofl actionl ofl first-generationl antipsychotics?


Answer:
First-generationl antipsychoticsl primarilyl blockl dopaminel D2l receptors,l especiallyl inl thel
mesolimbicl pathway,l tol treatl positivel symptomsl ofl psychosisl (e.g.,l hallucinations,l
delusions).




QUESTION
Whatl arel thel primaryl indicationsl forl first-generationl antipsychotics?


Answer:
First-generationl antipsychoticsl arel usedl tol treatl schizophrenia,l acutel andl chronicl
psychosis,l Tourettel syndrome,l emesisl suppression,l bipolarl disorder,l andl Huntington'sl
chorea.l Theyl targetl positivel psychoticl symptomsl likel hallucinationsl andl delusions.




QUESTION
Whatl isl thel therapeuticl effectl ofl first-generationl antipsychotics?


Answer:
First-generationl antipsychoticsl arel effectivel inl reducingl positivel symptomsl ofl psychosis,l
suchl asl hallucinations,l delusions,l agitation,l andl paranoia,l byl blockingl dopaminel D2l
receptorsl inl thel mesolimbicl pathway.

,QUESTION
Whatl arel thel commonl adversel effectsl ofl first-generationl antipsychotics?


Answer:
Adversel effectsl includel extrapyramidall symptomsl (EPS),l anticholinergicl effects,l sedation,l
orthostaticl hypotension,l sexuall dysfunction,l seizures,l agranulocytosis,l hyperprolactinemia,l
neurolepticl malignantl syndrome,l QTl prolongation,l andl severel metabolicl disturbances.




QUESTION
Whatl isl thel primaryl goall ofl long-terml therapyl withl first-generationl antipsychotics?


Answer:
Thel primaryl goall isl tol managel andl reducel thel positivel symptomsl ofl psychosisl (e.g.,l
hallucinations,l delusions)l whilel preventingl relapses,l usingl thel lowestl effectivel dosel tol
minimizel sidel effects.




QUESTION
Whatl isl tardivel dyskinesia,l andl howl isl itl relatedl tol first-generationl antipsychotics?


Answer:
Tardivel dyskinesial isl al serious,l oftenl irreversiblel movementl disorderl characterizedl byl
involuntaryl faciall andl limbl movements.l Itl isl al commonl sidel effectl ofl long-terml usel ofl
first-generationl antipsychoticsl duel tol dopaminel receptorl blockade




QUESTION
Whatl isl Neurolepticl Malignantl Syndromel (NMS),l andl howl isl itl relatedl tol first-
generationl antipsychotics?

,Answer:
NMSl isl al life-threateningl reactionl tol first-generationl antipsychotics,l markedl byl highl
fever,l musclel rigidity,l alteredl mentall status,l andl autonomicl dysfunction.l Itl isl causedl byl
dopaminel D2l blockadel andl requiresl immediatel treatment.




QUESTION
Whatl arel extrapyramidall symptomsl (EPS)l andl tardivel dyskinesial (TD)l inl relationl tol
first-generationl antipsychotics?


Answer:
Extrapyramidall symptomsl (EPS)l arel movementl disordersl causedl byl dopaminel blockadel
inl thel brain,l includingl acutel dystonia,l parkinsonism,l andl akathisia.l Tardivel dyskinesial
(TD)l isl al long-term,l oftenl irreversiblel conditionl withl repetitive,l involuntaryl movements,l
typicallyl occurringl afterl prolongedl usel ofl first-generationl antipsychoticsl likel haloperidoll
orl chlorpromazine.l Bothl arel seriousl sidel effectsl ofl thesel medications




QUESTION
Treatmentl forl adversel effectsl ofl first-generationl antipsychoticsl (FGAs)?


Answer:
EPSl (Acutel Dystonia,l Parkinsonism,l Akathisia,l TD):l Anticholinergics,l amantadine,l switchl
tol SGAs
Neurolepticl Malignantl Syndrome:l Stopl FGA,l supportivel care,l dantrolene
Hyperprolactinemia:l Switchl tol SGAl (e.g.,l aripiprazole)
Anticholinergicl effects:l Lowerl dose,l anticholinergics
Sedation:l Reducel dose,l switchl tol high-potencyl FGA




QUESTION
Neonatall withdrawall symptomsl froml first-generationl antipsychotics?


Answer:
Symptoms:l Tremors,l irritability,l feedingl issues,l musclel rigidity
Cause:l Maternall usel ofl FGAsl duringl pregnancy

, Management:l Monitorl neonate,l supportivel care




QUESTION
Clozapinel Adversel Effects


Answer:
Agranulocytosisl -l Lowl WBCl count
Metabolicl Effectsl -l Weightl gain,l diabetes
Sedationl -l Drowsiness
Orthostaticl Hypotensionl -l Lowl BPl whenl standing
Seizuresl -l Riskl atl highl doses
Myocarditisl -l Heartl inflammation
Anticholinergicl Effectsl -l Dryl mouth,l constipation
Otherl -l Increasedl salivation,l sexuall dysfunction




QUESTION
Clozapinel Blackl Boxl Warning


Answer:
Agranulocytosisl -l Severel riskl ofl lowl whitel bloodl celll count;l requiresl regularl bloodl
monitoring.




QUESTION
Blackl boxl warningl forl antidepressantl drugs


Answer:
Alll antidepressantsl canl increasel thel riskl ofl suicide,l especiallyl earlyl inl treatment.




QUESTION
Whatl arel keyl pointsl forl antidepressantl therapyl duration?