NRS 525 EXAM 1 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
What is the single most common cause of cellular injury? - ANSWER hypoxia
Which statement is a description of apoptosis? - ANSWER Programmed cell death
Exhaustion occurs if stress continues and _____ is not successful. - ANSWER adaptation
Traits caused by the combined effects of multiple genes are referred to by which term?
a. Polygenic
b. Multifocal
c. Modifiable
d. Involuntary - ANSWER polygenic
The nurse is caring for a pair of identical twins. Only one of the twins has hypertension.
What genetic process is most likely responsible for this occurrence? - ANSWER
Epigenetic factors
A nurse at an urban community hospital a patient comes in with iron deficiency anemia,
what is the appropriate response from the nurse ?
A. Have you seen blood in your stool?
B. Have you had any recent viral infections?
C. Have you eaten iron-rich foods. - ANSWER Have you seen blood in your stool?
because one of the causes of iron deficiency anemia is excessive blood loss (GI,
menstruation)
A patient comes in with thrombocytopenia? What would you do?
A. Ask the patient why there plates count is low?
B. Advise the patient to get leafy green vegetables and lentils
C. Blood transfusion - ANSWER C. Blood transfusions since their platelet is count and
with the blood transfusion it will increase the patient's platelet count.
sickle cell anemia:
A. Presents in newborns as jaundice and yellowing of skin
B. The cell becomes inflexible obstructing blood flow
C. X-recessive inherited - ANSWER B. The cell becomes inflexible obstructing blood flow
,Which negative effect would have an increased incidence secondary to prenatal stress
? Choose all that applies
A. Preterm birth
B. Fetal malformation
C. Spontaneous abortion
D. Impaired language development
E. Increased risk for depression in childhood - ANSWER A. Preterm birth
B. Fetal malformation
C. Spontaneous abortion
D. Impaired language development
Which statement would be accurate regarding epigenetics?
A. Gametes divide through transcription
B. Mitotic inheritances creates phenotypes
C. Embryonic stem cells inactivate chromosomes
D. Variety of diseases can result from epigenetics - ANSWER D. Variety of diseases can
result from epigenetics
Which cellular adaptation would occur in a person with chronic hypertension?
a. Atrophy
b. Hypertrophy
c. Hyperplasia
d. Dysplasia - ANSWER B. Hypertrophy is a compensatory increase in the size of cells. It
occurs in response to mechanical load or stress
Which secondary effect would be linked to childhood stress in children of low SES?
a. Increased psychosocial function
b. Decreased cortisol levels
c. Decreased CRP
d. Increased BMI - ANSWER d. Increased BMI
Stress triggers the secretion of the neurohormone ghrelin, which increases appetite,
food-seeking behavior, and food-associated reward.
,Which characteristic would be specific to epigenetic modifications?
a. Gene regulation can occur by transcription or translation.
b. Genes are created dependent of the environment one adapts to.
c. Histones produce somatic cells through translation.
d. It is a process whereby gametes produce new phenotypes. - ANSWER b. Genes are
created dependent of the environment one adapts to.
Which finding would the nurse expect when assessing a patient for frailty? Select all that
apply.
a. Weight loss
b. Low grip strength
c. Osteopenia
d. Cognitive impairment
e. Anemia - ANSWER a. Weight loss
b. Low grip strength
c. Osteopenia
d. Cognitive impairment
e. Anemia
Which statement would the nurse provide to an individual regarding healthy stress
coping?
a. "The consistent use of adaptive coping mechanisms will provide greater stress
resilience and improved outcomes."
b. "Any type of coping mechanism is good to develop stress resilience."
c. "It's best to keep the stressors to yourself to prevent stressing other people."
d. "You should distance yourself from others until you can find a way to deal with stress
that works for you." - ANSWER a. "The consistent use of adaptive coping mechanisms
will provide greater stress resilience and improved outcomes."
Which statement describes necrosis?
a. If autophagy clears protein products in neurons of the CNS, it can be linked with
dementia.
b. Necrosis results in programmed cell death.
, c. Necrosis is the cellular consequence of severe injury.
d. Death by necrosis can cause obstruction in tissue ducts. - ANSWER d. Death by
necrosis can cause obstruction in tissue ducts.
Because necrosis is cell tissue death.
Which process takes place in the exhaustion phase of the general adaptation
syndrome?
a. Depletion of physiological resources and immune system's inability to cope with
stressor
b. Secretion of hormones and catecholamines
c. Preparation of the body for fight or flight from threat
d. Mobilization of cortisol and adrenaline - ANSWER a. Depletion of physiological
resources and immune system's inability to cope with stressor
Which role would DNA methylation play in human development and disease?
a. Methylation encodes proteins through embryonic development by CpG.
b. Activation of one or two X chromosomes occurs as a part of the methylation process.
c. In normal females, one of the two X chromosomes is silenced by dense methylation.
d. Human cancer occurs through somatic mosaicism. - ANSWER c. In normal females,
one of the two X chromosomes is silenced by dense methylation.
Which multifactor component of hypertension would be influenced by genetics? Select
all that apply.
a. Sodium intake
b. Body weight
c. Renin-angiotensin
d. Physical activity
e. Psychosocial stress
f. Serum cholesterol - ANSWER b. Body weight
c. Renin-angiotensin
f. Serum cholesterol
Which statement describes the relationship between allostasis and adaptation when
responding to a stressor?
What is the single most common cause of cellular injury? - ANSWER hypoxia
Which statement is a description of apoptosis? - ANSWER Programmed cell death
Exhaustion occurs if stress continues and _____ is not successful. - ANSWER adaptation
Traits caused by the combined effects of multiple genes are referred to by which term?
a. Polygenic
b. Multifocal
c. Modifiable
d. Involuntary - ANSWER polygenic
The nurse is caring for a pair of identical twins. Only one of the twins has hypertension.
What genetic process is most likely responsible for this occurrence? - ANSWER
Epigenetic factors
A nurse at an urban community hospital a patient comes in with iron deficiency anemia,
what is the appropriate response from the nurse ?
A. Have you seen blood in your stool?
B. Have you had any recent viral infections?
C. Have you eaten iron-rich foods. - ANSWER Have you seen blood in your stool?
because one of the causes of iron deficiency anemia is excessive blood loss (GI,
menstruation)
A patient comes in with thrombocytopenia? What would you do?
A. Ask the patient why there plates count is low?
B. Advise the patient to get leafy green vegetables and lentils
C. Blood transfusion - ANSWER C. Blood transfusions since their platelet is count and
with the blood transfusion it will increase the patient's platelet count.
sickle cell anemia:
A. Presents in newborns as jaundice and yellowing of skin
B. The cell becomes inflexible obstructing blood flow
C. X-recessive inherited - ANSWER B. The cell becomes inflexible obstructing blood flow
,Which negative effect would have an increased incidence secondary to prenatal stress
? Choose all that applies
A. Preterm birth
B. Fetal malformation
C. Spontaneous abortion
D. Impaired language development
E. Increased risk for depression in childhood - ANSWER A. Preterm birth
B. Fetal malformation
C. Spontaneous abortion
D. Impaired language development
Which statement would be accurate regarding epigenetics?
A. Gametes divide through transcription
B. Mitotic inheritances creates phenotypes
C. Embryonic stem cells inactivate chromosomes
D. Variety of diseases can result from epigenetics - ANSWER D. Variety of diseases can
result from epigenetics
Which cellular adaptation would occur in a person with chronic hypertension?
a. Atrophy
b. Hypertrophy
c. Hyperplasia
d. Dysplasia - ANSWER B. Hypertrophy is a compensatory increase in the size of cells. It
occurs in response to mechanical load or stress
Which secondary effect would be linked to childhood stress in children of low SES?
a. Increased psychosocial function
b. Decreased cortisol levels
c. Decreased CRP
d. Increased BMI - ANSWER d. Increased BMI
Stress triggers the secretion of the neurohormone ghrelin, which increases appetite,
food-seeking behavior, and food-associated reward.
,Which characteristic would be specific to epigenetic modifications?
a. Gene regulation can occur by transcription or translation.
b. Genes are created dependent of the environment one adapts to.
c. Histones produce somatic cells through translation.
d. It is a process whereby gametes produce new phenotypes. - ANSWER b. Genes are
created dependent of the environment one adapts to.
Which finding would the nurse expect when assessing a patient for frailty? Select all that
apply.
a. Weight loss
b. Low grip strength
c. Osteopenia
d. Cognitive impairment
e. Anemia - ANSWER a. Weight loss
b. Low grip strength
c. Osteopenia
d. Cognitive impairment
e. Anemia
Which statement would the nurse provide to an individual regarding healthy stress
coping?
a. "The consistent use of adaptive coping mechanisms will provide greater stress
resilience and improved outcomes."
b. "Any type of coping mechanism is good to develop stress resilience."
c. "It's best to keep the stressors to yourself to prevent stressing other people."
d. "You should distance yourself from others until you can find a way to deal with stress
that works for you." - ANSWER a. "The consistent use of adaptive coping mechanisms
will provide greater stress resilience and improved outcomes."
Which statement describes necrosis?
a. If autophagy clears protein products in neurons of the CNS, it can be linked with
dementia.
b. Necrosis results in programmed cell death.
, c. Necrosis is the cellular consequence of severe injury.
d. Death by necrosis can cause obstruction in tissue ducts. - ANSWER d. Death by
necrosis can cause obstruction in tissue ducts.
Because necrosis is cell tissue death.
Which process takes place in the exhaustion phase of the general adaptation
syndrome?
a. Depletion of physiological resources and immune system's inability to cope with
stressor
b. Secretion of hormones and catecholamines
c. Preparation of the body for fight or flight from threat
d. Mobilization of cortisol and adrenaline - ANSWER a. Depletion of physiological
resources and immune system's inability to cope with stressor
Which role would DNA methylation play in human development and disease?
a. Methylation encodes proteins through embryonic development by CpG.
b. Activation of one or two X chromosomes occurs as a part of the methylation process.
c. In normal females, one of the two X chromosomes is silenced by dense methylation.
d. Human cancer occurs through somatic mosaicism. - ANSWER c. In normal females,
one of the two X chromosomes is silenced by dense methylation.
Which multifactor component of hypertension would be influenced by genetics? Select
all that apply.
a. Sodium intake
b. Body weight
c. Renin-angiotensin
d. Physical activity
e. Psychosocial stress
f. Serum cholesterol - ANSWER b. Body weight
c. Renin-angiotensin
f. Serum cholesterol
Which statement describes the relationship between allostasis and adaptation when
responding to a stressor?
