NR-503 Epidemiology final QUESTIONS
& ANSWERS(RATED A+)
Kleinman explanatory Model - ANSWEREliciting the patient's (explanatory) model
gives the physician knowledge of the beliefs the patient holds about his illness, the
personal and social meaning he attaches to his disorder, his expectations about
what will happen to him and what the doctor will do, and his own therapeutic goals
Cultural competence - ANSWERCultural competence is defined as "a dynamic, fluid,
continuous process whereby an individual, system or health care agency find
meaningful and useful care delivery strategies based on knowledge of the cultural
heritage, beliefs, attitudes, and behavior of those to whom they render care"
Cultural Awareness - ANSWER:Self-examination of one's own prejudices and biases
toward other cultures. An in-depth exploration of one's own cultural/ethnic
background.
Cultural humility - ANSWERA lifelong commitment to self-evaluation and self-
critiques, redressing the power of imbalances in the patient- physician dynamic,
developing mutually. Beneficial relationships.
Cultural Knowledge - ANSWERObtaining a sound educational foundation concerning
the various worldviews of differences cultures. Obtaining knowledge regarding
biological variations, disease and health conditions and variation in drug metabolism.
Cultural Skill: - ANSWERAbility to collect culturally relevant data regarding the
client's health history and presenting problem. Ability to conduct culturally based
physician assessments. Conducting these assessments in a culturally sensitive
manner.
Cultural Desire - ANSWERMotivation of the healthcare provider to "want" to engage
in the process of cultural competence, characteristics of compassion, authenticity,
humility, openness, availability, and flexibility, commi tment and passion to caring,
regardless of conflict.
ethnicity - ANSWERas "the aggregate of cultural practices, social influences,
religious pursuits, and racial characteristics shaping the distinctive identity of
community"
Cultural competence in nursing consists of four principles. - ANSWERCare is
designed for the specific client.
Care is based on the uniqueness of the person's culture and includes cultural norms
and values.
Care includes self-employment strategies to facilitate client decision making to
improve health behaviors.
Care is provided with sensitivity and is based on the cultural uniqueness of clients.
, The APN may also use the Kleinman Explanatory Model of Illness (1978). Below are
the questions that can be utilized. - ANSWERWhat do you call your problem?
What do you think caused your problem?
Why do you think it started when it did?
What does your sickness do to you?
What do you fear most about your sickness?
What are the chief problems your sickness has caused you?
What kind of treatment do you think you should receive?
What is the most important result you hope to receive from the treatment?
According to Giger and Davidhizer (2000), although cultures differ, they all have the
same basic organizing factors that must be assessed in order to provide care for
culturally diverse patients. These factors include - ANSWERcommunication (verbal
and nonverbal);
personal space;
social organization;
time perception;
environmental control; and
biological variations.
The National Center for Cultural Competence (NCCC) provides national leadership
and contributes to the body of knowledge on cultural and linguistic competency
within systems and organizations. Major emphasis is placed on translating evidence
into policy and practice for programs and personnel concerned with health and
mental healthcare delivery, administration, education, and advocacy. - ANSWER
The NCCC uses four major approaches to fulfill its mission, including -
ANSWERWeb-based technical assistance, (2) knowledge development and
dissemination, (3) supporting a community of learners, and (4) collaboration and
partnerships with diverse groups.
These approaches entail the provision of training, technical assistance, and
consultation and are intended to facilitate networking, linkages, and information
exchange. The NCCC has particular expertise in developing instruments and
conducting organizational self-assessment processes to advance cultural and
linguistic competency. - ANSWER
Epidemiological Triad: - ANSWERhost, agent, environment
Genetics is considered an agent in the epidemiological triad - ANSWER
Genetics - ANSWERThe study of individual genes and their impact on relatively rare
single gene disorders
Genomics - ANSWERThe study of all genes in the human genome as well as their
interaction with other genes, the individual's environment, and the influence of
cultural and psychosocial factors
Genetic epidemiology - ANSWERthe link of epidemiology and genetics
& ANSWERS(RATED A+)
Kleinman explanatory Model - ANSWEREliciting the patient's (explanatory) model
gives the physician knowledge of the beliefs the patient holds about his illness, the
personal and social meaning he attaches to his disorder, his expectations about
what will happen to him and what the doctor will do, and his own therapeutic goals
Cultural competence - ANSWERCultural competence is defined as "a dynamic, fluid,
continuous process whereby an individual, system or health care agency find
meaningful and useful care delivery strategies based on knowledge of the cultural
heritage, beliefs, attitudes, and behavior of those to whom they render care"
Cultural Awareness - ANSWER:Self-examination of one's own prejudices and biases
toward other cultures. An in-depth exploration of one's own cultural/ethnic
background.
Cultural humility - ANSWERA lifelong commitment to self-evaluation and self-
critiques, redressing the power of imbalances in the patient- physician dynamic,
developing mutually. Beneficial relationships.
Cultural Knowledge - ANSWERObtaining a sound educational foundation concerning
the various worldviews of differences cultures. Obtaining knowledge regarding
biological variations, disease and health conditions and variation in drug metabolism.
Cultural Skill: - ANSWERAbility to collect culturally relevant data regarding the
client's health history and presenting problem. Ability to conduct culturally based
physician assessments. Conducting these assessments in a culturally sensitive
manner.
Cultural Desire - ANSWERMotivation of the healthcare provider to "want" to engage
in the process of cultural competence, characteristics of compassion, authenticity,
humility, openness, availability, and flexibility, commi tment and passion to caring,
regardless of conflict.
ethnicity - ANSWERas "the aggregate of cultural practices, social influences,
religious pursuits, and racial characteristics shaping the distinctive identity of
community"
Cultural competence in nursing consists of four principles. - ANSWERCare is
designed for the specific client.
Care is based on the uniqueness of the person's culture and includes cultural norms
and values.
Care includes self-employment strategies to facilitate client decision making to
improve health behaviors.
Care is provided with sensitivity and is based on the cultural uniqueness of clients.
, The APN may also use the Kleinman Explanatory Model of Illness (1978). Below are
the questions that can be utilized. - ANSWERWhat do you call your problem?
What do you think caused your problem?
Why do you think it started when it did?
What does your sickness do to you?
What do you fear most about your sickness?
What are the chief problems your sickness has caused you?
What kind of treatment do you think you should receive?
What is the most important result you hope to receive from the treatment?
According to Giger and Davidhizer (2000), although cultures differ, they all have the
same basic organizing factors that must be assessed in order to provide care for
culturally diverse patients. These factors include - ANSWERcommunication (verbal
and nonverbal);
personal space;
social organization;
time perception;
environmental control; and
biological variations.
The National Center for Cultural Competence (NCCC) provides national leadership
and contributes to the body of knowledge on cultural and linguistic competency
within systems and organizations. Major emphasis is placed on translating evidence
into policy and practice for programs and personnel concerned with health and
mental healthcare delivery, administration, education, and advocacy. - ANSWER
The NCCC uses four major approaches to fulfill its mission, including -
ANSWERWeb-based technical assistance, (2) knowledge development and
dissemination, (3) supporting a community of learners, and (4) collaboration and
partnerships with diverse groups.
These approaches entail the provision of training, technical assistance, and
consultation and are intended to facilitate networking, linkages, and information
exchange. The NCCC has particular expertise in developing instruments and
conducting organizational self-assessment processes to advance cultural and
linguistic competency. - ANSWER
Epidemiological Triad: - ANSWERhost, agent, environment
Genetics is considered an agent in the epidemiological triad - ANSWER
Genetics - ANSWERThe study of individual genes and their impact on relatively rare
single gene disorders
Genomics - ANSWERThe study of all genes in the human genome as well as their
interaction with other genes, the individual's environment, and the influence of
cultural and psychosocial factors
Genetic epidemiology - ANSWERthe link of epidemiology and genetics
