NR 507 ADVANCE PATHO. MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ||ALREADY GRADED A+||NEWEST VERSION

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NR 507 ADVANCE PATHO. MIDTERM EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ||ALREADY
GRADED A+||NEWEST VERSION
Quiz: Hypersensitivity: Type 1

Ans: •Type 1: Allergic reaction

•Mediated by IgE

•Inflammation due to mast cell degranulation

•Local symptoms: itching, rash

•Systemic symptoms: wheezing

•Most dangerous form is an anaphylactic reaction-systemic response-

hypotension, severe bronchoconstriction

•Main treatment: epinephrine reverses the effects




Quiz: Hypersensitivity: Type 2




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2
Ans: •Type 2: Cytotoxic reaction; tissue specific (e.g. thyroid tissue)

•Macrophages are the primary effectors cells involved

•Can cause tissue damage or alter function

•Grave's disease (hyperthyroidism)-example of altering thyroid function, but

does not destroy thyroid tissue

•Incompatible blood type-example of cell/tissue damage that occurs; severe

transfusion reaction occurs and the transfused erythrocytes are destroyed by

agglutination or complement-mediated lysis.




Quiz: Difference Between Type 2 and Type 3

Ans: •Type 3 is not organ specific

the antibody binds to soluble antigen outside the cell surface that was released

into the blood or body fluids, and the complex is then deposited in the tissues




Quiz: Difference Between Type 2 and Type 3

Ans: •Type 2 is organ specific

•The antibody binds to the antigen on the cell surface




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3
Quiz: Hypersensitivity: Type 3-Examples

Ans: •Rheumatoid arthritis-antigen/antibodies are deposited in the joints

•Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)-very closely related to autoimmunity-

antigen/antibodies deposit in organs that cause tissue damage




Quiz: Scope of Damage of SLE-Type 3-autoimmune response

Ans: •Facial rash confined to the cheeks (malar rash)

•Discoid rash (raised patches, scaling)

•Photosensitivity (development of skin rash developed as a result of exposure to

sunlight)

•Oral or nasopharyngeal ulcers




Quiz: Scope of Damage of SLE-Type 3-autoimmune response cont.




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4
Ans: •Hematologic disorders (hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, lymphopenia, or

thrombocytopenia)

•Immunologic disorders (antibodies against double-stranded DNA [dsDNA] or

Smith [Sm] antigen, false-positive serologic test for syphilis, or antiphospholipid

antibodies [anticardiolipin antibody or lupus anticoagulant])




Quiz: Scope of Damage of SLE-Type 3-autoimmune response cont.

Ans: •Non-erosive arthritis of at least two peripheral joints

•Serositis (pleurisy, pericarditis)

•Renal disorder (persistent proteinuria of >0.5 g/day or >3 g/day on dipstick or

cellular casts)

•Neurologic disorders (seizures or psychosis in the absence of known causes)

•Presence of antinuclear antibody (ANA)




Quiz: A Word About Autoimmunity




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