NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology
Acid base stability outcomes on potassium - ANS-Alkalosis shifts K+ into cells -->
hypokalemia
Acidosis shifts K+ out of cells --> hyperkalemia
movement capability - ANS-Process of undertaking an impulse. Activates the neuron --> the
neuron depolarizes --> then repolarizes
Aging - ANS-Body launched more cytokines and proinflammatory substances which leads to
persistent inflammation
Aneuploidy and its scientific manifestations - ANS-Cells that don't incorporate a couple of of
23 chromosomes (can contain extra or less, like forty five or 47). Caused by using
nondisjunction (failure for the chromosomes to divide well).
Ex: Spontaneous abortion, nonetheless born, birth defects
Antidiuretic hormone - ANS-VASOPRESSIN. Secreted by means of pituitary gland in
reaction to water deficit, sodium excess, or low BP. Causes kidneys to reabsorb water
accordingly increasing intervascular/plasma fluid.
Apoptosis - ANS-Programmed cell death (everyday). Needed to save you cell proliferation
that could bring about a massive body.
Clinical implications: neurodegenerative disease, ischemic damage, demise of virus infected
cells
AST and ALT are associated with which organ? - ANS-Liver
Atrophy - ANS-Occurs as a result of lower in work load, strain, use, blood supply, nutrition,
hormonal stimulation, or anxious stimulation. Once the mobile has reduced in length, it has
now compensated for decreased blood supply, nerve supply, nutrient supply, hormonal
deliver, and has completed new homeostasis. Cells are alive however have diminished
feature and may cause mobile demise.
Atrophy examples - ANS-Physiologic atrophy- shrinking of the thymus gland all through
formative years.
Disuse atrophy- someone that ends up being paralyzed
Autophagy - ANS-Autodigestion of the mobile. When cells lack nutrition, autophagy is
prompted. During instances of metabolic strain, autophagy presents ATP and other
macromolecules for power and cell survival. When pressure progresses, it ends in cellular
demise
Autosomal aneuploidy and its medical manifestations - ANS-Autosomal chromosomes are
all chromosomes which do now not have any relation to gender.
Ex: Trisomy thirteen, 18, 21 (can survive, others do not continue to exist). Trisomy 21 causes
down syndrome (low IQ, low nasal bridge, poor muscle tone, quick stature, lower lifestyles
expectancy)
BRCA gene - ANS-Increases danger for growing ovarian, breast, and prostate most cancers
Breast most cancers web page of metastasis? - ANS-Bones, lung, liver, mind
Cachexia - ANS-Imbalance among quantity of power consumption vs. Energy used. Wasting
syndrome = catabolic procedure. Increase in apoptosis and impaired potential to regenerate
cells.
, Cancer cells - ANS-Cells continue to crowd and subsequently pile over. Immortal and divide
for years. Divide unexpectedly and are parasites. Must develop in a hypoxic or acidic
environment.
Carcinoma in situ - ANS-Pre-invasive epithelial malignant tumors of glandular or squamous
beginning. Sites consisting of cervix, skin, oral hollow space, esophagus, and bronchus
Chromosomal deletion and examples - ANS-Broken chromosomes and lack of DNA.
Ex: Cri de chat "cry of the cat" syndrome
Chromosomal duplications - ANS-Duplication of chromosomes. Less severe sickness than
deletion
Chromosomal inversions and examples - ANS-Two breaks of a chromosome, accompanied
by using reinsertion of the fragment its original website. ABCDEFG finally ends up searching
like ABCDFEG.
Ex: No obvious physical have an effect on, however can reason extreme issues in offspring.
Chromosomal translocation and examples - ANS-Interchanging of genetic cloth among
non-homolygous chromosomes.
Ex: Usually no serious problems, however can purpose severe problems in offspring.
Chronic metabolic acidosis will enhance resorption of what? - ANS-Ammonium
Clastogens - ANS-Harmful dealers which harm chromosomes. Ex: radiation
Clinical manifestations of moderate, moderate, and intense hyponatremia? - ANS-Mild:
anorexia, apathy, restlessness, nausea, lethargy, muscle cramps
Moderate: agitation, disorientation, headache
Severe: seizures, coma, incontinence, death
Coagulative necrosis - ANS-Occurs basically within the kidneys, coronary heart, and adrenal
glands. Commonly outcomes from hypoxia because of excessive ischemia or hypoxia from
chemical damage (especially ingestion of mercuric chloride)
Colorectal cancer web page of metastasis? - ANS-Liver, lungs
Cystic fibrosis - ANS-Autosomal recessive
Down syndrome - ANS-Autosomal trisomy
Dysplasia - ANS-odd changes within the size, form, and enterprise of mature cells due to
chronic, severe cell damage or irritation
Dysplasia examples - ANS-Pre most cancers pap smears often display dysplastic cells of
the cervix that must undergo treatment.
Edema clinical manifestations - ANS-Pitting, swelling, puffiness, constrained movement in
affected region
Edema is an accumulation of fluid where? - ANS-Interstitial space
Edema pathophysiology - ANS-1. Increased hydrostatic strain
2. Decreased oncotic pressure
three. Increased capillary membrane permeability
4. Lymphatic channel obstruction
Ethanol - ANS-Acute impacts in the liver encompass inflammation, fatty infiltration,
hepatomegaly, acute liver necrosis, suppressed fatty acid oxidation. Chronic ethanol use is
specially seen inside the belly and liver, and is resulting from loose radicals.
*Elevated anion gap and osmolar gap >10 is diagnostic*
Exercise and effects on potassium - ANS-Depletes ATP --> opens K+ channels --> K+ shifts
into ECF --> hyperkalemia
Fluid volume deficit (dehydration) clinical manifestations - ANS-Poor skin turgor, dry mucous
membranes, sunken eyes, sunken fontanels (in toddlers), reduced urine output, fatigue
Acid base stability outcomes on potassium - ANS-Alkalosis shifts K+ into cells -->
hypokalemia
Acidosis shifts K+ out of cells --> hyperkalemia
movement capability - ANS-Process of undertaking an impulse. Activates the neuron --> the
neuron depolarizes --> then repolarizes
Aging - ANS-Body launched more cytokines and proinflammatory substances which leads to
persistent inflammation
Aneuploidy and its scientific manifestations - ANS-Cells that don't incorporate a couple of of
23 chromosomes (can contain extra or less, like forty five or 47). Caused by using
nondisjunction (failure for the chromosomes to divide well).
Ex: Spontaneous abortion, nonetheless born, birth defects
Antidiuretic hormone - ANS-VASOPRESSIN. Secreted by means of pituitary gland in
reaction to water deficit, sodium excess, or low BP. Causes kidneys to reabsorb water
accordingly increasing intervascular/plasma fluid.
Apoptosis - ANS-Programmed cell death (everyday). Needed to save you cell proliferation
that could bring about a massive body.
Clinical implications: neurodegenerative disease, ischemic damage, demise of virus infected
cells
AST and ALT are associated with which organ? - ANS-Liver
Atrophy - ANS-Occurs as a result of lower in work load, strain, use, blood supply, nutrition,
hormonal stimulation, or anxious stimulation. Once the mobile has reduced in length, it has
now compensated for decreased blood supply, nerve supply, nutrient supply, hormonal
deliver, and has completed new homeostasis. Cells are alive however have diminished
feature and may cause mobile demise.
Atrophy examples - ANS-Physiologic atrophy- shrinking of the thymus gland all through
formative years.
Disuse atrophy- someone that ends up being paralyzed
Autophagy - ANS-Autodigestion of the mobile. When cells lack nutrition, autophagy is
prompted. During instances of metabolic strain, autophagy presents ATP and other
macromolecules for power and cell survival. When pressure progresses, it ends in cellular
demise
Autosomal aneuploidy and its medical manifestations - ANS-Autosomal chromosomes are
all chromosomes which do now not have any relation to gender.
Ex: Trisomy thirteen, 18, 21 (can survive, others do not continue to exist). Trisomy 21 causes
down syndrome (low IQ, low nasal bridge, poor muscle tone, quick stature, lower lifestyles
expectancy)
BRCA gene - ANS-Increases danger for growing ovarian, breast, and prostate most cancers
Breast most cancers web page of metastasis? - ANS-Bones, lung, liver, mind
Cachexia - ANS-Imbalance among quantity of power consumption vs. Energy used. Wasting
syndrome = catabolic procedure. Increase in apoptosis and impaired potential to regenerate
cells.
, Cancer cells - ANS-Cells continue to crowd and subsequently pile over. Immortal and divide
for years. Divide unexpectedly and are parasites. Must develop in a hypoxic or acidic
environment.
Carcinoma in situ - ANS-Pre-invasive epithelial malignant tumors of glandular or squamous
beginning. Sites consisting of cervix, skin, oral hollow space, esophagus, and bronchus
Chromosomal deletion and examples - ANS-Broken chromosomes and lack of DNA.
Ex: Cri de chat "cry of the cat" syndrome
Chromosomal duplications - ANS-Duplication of chromosomes. Less severe sickness than
deletion
Chromosomal inversions and examples - ANS-Two breaks of a chromosome, accompanied
by using reinsertion of the fragment its original website. ABCDEFG finally ends up searching
like ABCDFEG.
Ex: No obvious physical have an effect on, however can reason extreme issues in offspring.
Chromosomal translocation and examples - ANS-Interchanging of genetic cloth among
non-homolygous chromosomes.
Ex: Usually no serious problems, however can purpose severe problems in offspring.
Chronic metabolic acidosis will enhance resorption of what? - ANS-Ammonium
Clastogens - ANS-Harmful dealers which harm chromosomes. Ex: radiation
Clinical manifestations of moderate, moderate, and intense hyponatremia? - ANS-Mild:
anorexia, apathy, restlessness, nausea, lethargy, muscle cramps
Moderate: agitation, disorientation, headache
Severe: seizures, coma, incontinence, death
Coagulative necrosis - ANS-Occurs basically within the kidneys, coronary heart, and adrenal
glands. Commonly outcomes from hypoxia because of excessive ischemia or hypoxia from
chemical damage (especially ingestion of mercuric chloride)
Colorectal cancer web page of metastasis? - ANS-Liver, lungs
Cystic fibrosis - ANS-Autosomal recessive
Down syndrome - ANS-Autosomal trisomy
Dysplasia - ANS-odd changes within the size, form, and enterprise of mature cells due to
chronic, severe cell damage or irritation
Dysplasia examples - ANS-Pre most cancers pap smears often display dysplastic cells of
the cervix that must undergo treatment.
Edema clinical manifestations - ANS-Pitting, swelling, puffiness, constrained movement in
affected region
Edema is an accumulation of fluid where? - ANS-Interstitial space
Edema pathophysiology - ANS-1. Increased hydrostatic strain
2. Decreased oncotic pressure
three. Increased capillary membrane permeability
4. Lymphatic channel obstruction
Ethanol - ANS-Acute impacts in the liver encompass inflammation, fatty infiltration,
hepatomegaly, acute liver necrosis, suppressed fatty acid oxidation. Chronic ethanol use is
specially seen inside the belly and liver, and is resulting from loose radicals.
*Elevated anion gap and osmolar gap >10 is diagnostic*
Exercise and effects on potassium - ANS-Depletes ATP --> opens K+ channels --> K+ shifts
into ECF --> hyperkalemia
Fluid volume deficit (dehydration) clinical manifestations - ANS-Poor skin turgor, dry mucous
membranes, sunken eyes, sunken fontanels (in toddlers), reduced urine output, fatigue
