NUR 170: Exam 7 (2025 / 2026) Concepts of Medical-Surgical Nursing Review Guide Questions and Verified Answers, 100% Correct- (Galen)

NUR 170: Exam 7 () Concepts of Medical-Surgical
Nursing Review Guide Questions and Verified Answers,
100% Correct- (Galen)



AssessmentxofxthexNervousxSystemx–Ch.x41

NeuroxAssessment—Medicalxhx-xpg.x846xChartx41-2

• EvaluationxofxMentalxStatus—xestablishmentxofxpatient'sxnormxregardingxmentalxstatus
o Consciousness:xthexabilityxtoxbexawarexofxthexenvironment,xanxobject,x&xoneself;xLOC—
xdegreexofxalertnessxorxamountxofxstimulationxneededxtoxengagexinxaxpatient'sxattention;


▪ Alert:xawake,xengaged,x&xresponsivex(notxorientedxtoxperson,xplace,xorxtime)xlessxth
anxalertxisxlethargic,xdrowsyxbutxresponsive;xstuporous,xarousablexonlyxwithxvigoro
usxorxpainfulxstimulation.
▪ Coma:xunconsciousx&xcannotxbexarousedxdespitexvigorousxorxnoxiousxs
timulation.
o Cognition:xevaluatedxinxaxrapidxorxfocusedxmannerxusingxtestsxofxmemoryx&xattention
thatxrequirexverbalxorxwrittenxability.xThreextypesxofxmemoryxcanxbextested:xlong-
termx(remote),xrecallx(recent),x&ximmediate.
• MobilityxandxMotorxSystemxFunction—Range,xstrength,xposture,xabnormalxmovements,xPERRLA
▪ Reportxallxdecreasesxtoxthexprimaryxhealthxcarexprovider
• DeepxTendonxReflexesxandxSensation—Pain,xtouch,xtemp,xvibration,xposition
• CerebellarxFunction—Gait,x balance,x coordination.

,RapidxNeuroxAssessment—

• NIHSSx(NationalxInstitutexofxHealthxStrokexScale)
o Criticalxfocusedxassessmentxthatxgivesxquickxandxreliablexinformationxonxthexneuroxstatusxof
xthexpatient.




• GCSxEstablishesxbaselinexdata:
▪ Highestxscorexisx15
▪ CriticalxRescue—
Axdecreasexinx2xpointsxorxmorexinxthexGCSxisxclinicallyxsignificantxandxMDxmustxbexn
otified!

, Diagnostic's—

• CerebralxAngiography-
xvisualizexcerebralxcirculationxtoxdetectxblockagesxinxarteriesxorxveinsxinxbrain,xhead,xorxneck.xCat


heterxisxplacedxinxgroinxtoxinjectxdye.
o Patientsxmustxsignxconsent
o Detailedxhxxobtained:
▪ Renalxdisease
▪ HeartxFailure
▪ Dehydration
▪ OlderxAge
o Rx-
xsuchxasxMetforminxorxNSAIDSx(reducexrenalxperfusion)xContrastxmediaxw/ixthexlastx72xhrs.xS


TOPxMetforminx48xhrs.xbefore
o Mustxknowxkidneyxfunctionxlabsxpriorxtoxtest
o Allergiesx(Ch.x41-3xp.x852)—
multiplexfoodxallergiesxorxasthma;xsuspectedxcontrastxsensitivityxisxpre-
treatedxwithxsteroids.
o Pt.xEducation:
▪ Patientxisxawake,xheadximmobilized,xandxnoxnotxmovexduringxprocedure.
▪ Patientsxmayxfeelxaxhotxorxwarmxsensationxwhenxdyexisxinjected—thatxisxnormal.
• ComputedxTomographyx(CT)-
xpicturesxarextakenxshowingx“slices”xofxdifferentxlevelsxofxthexbrainxorxspinalxcord.xBestxwayxtoxseex


bones.
o Veryxaccurate,xquick,xpainless,xleastxexpensiveximagingxmethod.xSamexevaluationxforxC
erebralxAngioxisxcompletedxpriorxtoxtest
o Pt.xEducation-
▪ informxpatientxthatxtheyxmayxfeelxaxwarmxorxcoolxsensationxafterxdyexisxinjected.xMa
yxalsoxhavexaxmetallicxtaste.
• MagneticxResonancexImagingx(MRI)-
Magneticxfieldsxarexusedxtoxobtainximagesxtoxdeterminexabnormalxandxnormalxanatomy.xImagesxc
anxbexmorexdetailedxtoxassistxwithxproperxdiagnosisxofxcondition.xSuchxas,xabnormalitiesxinxanyxpa
rtxofxthexbodyxthatxisxparticularlyxscannedxtoxbloodxflowxandxtissuesxinvolved.
o Prep—
▪ SamexinformationxobtainedxfromxpatientxasxCAxandxCT—consentxmustxbexsigned
▪ NOxMETALxmayxenterxtheximagingxroom—patientxorxmedicalxpersonal.
▪ Contraindicatedxwithxpatientsxw/xolderxtattoosx(containxlead),xconfused/agitated,xh
avexunstablexvitals,xorxonxlifexsupport.
o Contrastxcanxalsoxbexused—requiresxnormalxkidneyxfunction.
▪ Watchxcardiacxfunctionxespeciallyxinxpatientsxwhoxhavexcardiacxpacemakers,xo
therximplantedxpumpsxorxdevices,xandxionxcontainingxmetalxaneurysmxclips.
• LumbarxPuncturex(spinalxtap)-
xThexinsertionxofxaxspinalxneedlexintoxthexsubarachnoidxspacexbetweenxthexthirdxandxfourthx(so


metimesxfourthxandxfifth)xlumbarxvertebrae.