Midterml Exam:l NRl 511/l NR511l (Latestl
2025/l 2026l Update)l Differentiall Diagnosisl
andl Primaryl Carel Practicuml Review|l
Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l 100%l
Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l Chamberlain
Q:l Whatl isl thel likelihoodl ratio?
Answer:
Howl likelyl itl isl thatl al patientl hasl thel disease.l Whenl thel ratiol isl higher,l itl isl morel
likelyl theyl havel thel disease.l Thisl isl determinedl byl sensitivityl andl specific
Ifl al patientl comesl inl withl flu-likel symptomsl andl itl isl peakl flul season,l therel isl al
strongl possibilityl thel patientl hasl thel flu.l Youl couldl orderl al rapidl flul test,l butl ifl thel
testl isl negativel youl likelyl willl treatl thel patientl anyway.
Q:l Whatl isl pretestl probability?
Answer:
Thel chancel thatl thel patientl hasl thel disease,l estimatedl beforel thel resultsl ofl al testl arel
known
Q:l Howl dol youl calculatel sensitivity?l Specificity?
Answer:
Sensitivityl =l Truel positivesl /l Alll diseasedl
Specificityl =l Truel negativesl /l Alll non-diseased
,Q:l Mostl commonlyl orderedl diagnosticl tests
Answer:
CBCl +/-l differential
-l RBC
-l WBCl (+/-l breakdown)
-l Hemoglobin
-l Hematocrit
-l Platelets
CMP
-l Electrolytesl (Na,l K,l Cl,l HCO3,l Ca,l glucose)
-l Cholesterol,l protein,l albumin
-l Liverl (ALT,l AST,l bilirubin,l phosphatase)
-l Kidneysl (BUN,l creatinine)
Q:l Whatl isl thel SNAPPSl method?
Answer:
Al wayl tol givel al casel presentation
Summarizel historyl andl findings
Narrowl differentiall tol 2-3l
Analyzel differentialsl -l comparel andl contrast
Probel preceptorl withl questionsl aboutl approach
Planl management
Selectl issuel froml casel forl self-directedl learning
Q:l Whatl arel examplesl ofl third-partyl payers?
Answer:
Medicare,l Medicaid,l Workersl Comp,l VA
,Q:l Whatl dol youl calll peoplel whol payl outl ofl pocketl forl thel medicall expenses?
Answer:
privatel payers
Q:l Howl dol NPsl billl comparedl tol physicians?
Answer:
NPsl billl atl 85%l thel feel ratel ofl physicians
Ifl NPsl billl underl thel physician,l physicianl getsl 100%
Q:l Whatl isl al NPIl number?
Answer:
Nationall Providerl Identifier
Assignedl tol providersl associatedl withl medicarel sol thatl theyl canl bill
Q:l Whatl isl CMSl paymentl policyl basedl on?l Whatl doesl Medicarel generallyl pay?
Answer:
Physicianl andl nonphysicall providerl feel schedule
Inl general,l Medicarel paysl 80%l andl thel patentl isl responsiblel forl 20%
Q:l Doesl Medicarel havel al deductible?
Answer:
, Yesl (Al ~1000l annually,l Bl ~180l annuallyl &l monthlyl premium)l -l importantl tol collectl
beforel renderingl servicesl orl elsel patientl isl responsiblel forl alll costs
Patientsl canl applyl forl savingsl programsl throughl CMSl tol lowerl costsl ofl deductibles,l
copaysl andl coinsurancel (basedl onl income).l Canl alsol getl al secondaryl insurancel tol helpl
coverl costs.
Q:l Whatl dol partsl A,l B,l Cl andl Dl ofl Medicarel referl to?
Answer:
Al coversl hospitall expensesl (onlyl payl OOPl ifl stayl >60d)
Bl coversl providerl andl outpatientl expensesl (80/20l coverage)
Cl isl Medicarel advantage
Dl coversl drugs
Q:l Whatl isl thel differencel betweenl Medicarel andl Medicaid?
Answer:
Medicarel isl forl peoplel overl 65l orl thosel withl disabilities
Medicaidl isl forl low-incomel people
Medicarel isl federallyl funded
Medicaidl isl fundedl byl statesl andl federall government
Q:l Whatl isl Medicarel Advantage?
Answer:
CMSl contractsl withl privatel insurancel companiesl likel BCBSl orl Kaiserl (mostlyl HMOs).l
Ifl youl selectl thisl option,l CMSl paysl al lotl ofl yourl monthlyl premiuml tol thel insurancel
companyl andl youl havel lowerl copaysl andl deductibles.
Thel downsidel isl youl havel lessl flexibilityl andl thel servicesl coveredl varies.
2025/l 2026l Update)l Differentiall Diagnosisl
andl Primaryl Carel Practicuml Review|l
Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l 100%l
Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l Chamberlain
Q:l Whatl isl thel likelihoodl ratio?
Answer:
Howl likelyl itl isl thatl al patientl hasl thel disease.l Whenl thel ratiol isl higher,l itl isl morel
likelyl theyl havel thel disease.l Thisl isl determinedl byl sensitivityl andl specific
Ifl al patientl comesl inl withl flu-likel symptomsl andl itl isl peakl flul season,l therel isl al
strongl possibilityl thel patientl hasl thel flu.l Youl couldl orderl al rapidl flul test,l butl ifl thel
testl isl negativel youl likelyl willl treatl thel patientl anyway.
Q:l Whatl isl pretestl probability?
Answer:
Thel chancel thatl thel patientl hasl thel disease,l estimatedl beforel thel resultsl ofl al testl arel
known
Q:l Howl dol youl calculatel sensitivity?l Specificity?
Answer:
Sensitivityl =l Truel positivesl /l Alll diseasedl
Specificityl =l Truel negativesl /l Alll non-diseased
,Q:l Mostl commonlyl orderedl diagnosticl tests
Answer:
CBCl +/-l differential
-l RBC
-l WBCl (+/-l breakdown)
-l Hemoglobin
-l Hematocrit
-l Platelets
CMP
-l Electrolytesl (Na,l K,l Cl,l HCO3,l Ca,l glucose)
-l Cholesterol,l protein,l albumin
-l Liverl (ALT,l AST,l bilirubin,l phosphatase)
-l Kidneysl (BUN,l creatinine)
Q:l Whatl isl thel SNAPPSl method?
Answer:
Al wayl tol givel al casel presentation
Summarizel historyl andl findings
Narrowl differentiall tol 2-3l
Analyzel differentialsl -l comparel andl contrast
Probel preceptorl withl questionsl aboutl approach
Planl management
Selectl issuel froml casel forl self-directedl learning
Q:l Whatl arel examplesl ofl third-partyl payers?
Answer:
Medicare,l Medicaid,l Workersl Comp,l VA
,Q:l Whatl dol youl calll peoplel whol payl outl ofl pocketl forl thel medicall expenses?
Answer:
privatel payers
Q:l Howl dol NPsl billl comparedl tol physicians?
Answer:
NPsl billl atl 85%l thel feel ratel ofl physicians
Ifl NPsl billl underl thel physician,l physicianl getsl 100%
Q:l Whatl isl al NPIl number?
Answer:
Nationall Providerl Identifier
Assignedl tol providersl associatedl withl medicarel sol thatl theyl canl bill
Q:l Whatl isl CMSl paymentl policyl basedl on?l Whatl doesl Medicarel generallyl pay?
Answer:
Physicianl andl nonphysicall providerl feel schedule
Inl general,l Medicarel paysl 80%l andl thel patentl isl responsiblel forl 20%
Q:l Doesl Medicarel havel al deductible?
Answer:
, Yesl (Al ~1000l annually,l Bl ~180l annuallyl &l monthlyl premium)l -l importantl tol collectl
beforel renderingl servicesl orl elsel patientl isl responsiblel forl alll costs
Patientsl canl applyl forl savingsl programsl throughl CMSl tol lowerl costsl ofl deductibles,l
copaysl andl coinsurancel (basedl onl income).l Canl alsol getl al secondaryl insurancel tol helpl
coverl costs.
Q:l Whatl dol partsl A,l B,l Cl andl Dl ofl Medicarel referl to?
Answer:
Al coversl hospitall expensesl (onlyl payl OOPl ifl stayl >60d)
Bl coversl providerl andl outpatientl expensesl (80/20l coverage)
Cl isl Medicarel advantage
Dl coversl drugs
Q:l Whatl isl thel differencel betweenl Medicarel andl Medicaid?
Answer:
Medicarel isl forl peoplel overl 65l orl thosel withl disabilities
Medicaidl isl forl low-incomel people
Medicarel isl federallyl funded
Medicaidl isl fundedl byl statesl andl federall government
Q:l Whatl isl Medicarel Advantage?
Answer:
CMSl contractsl withl privatel insurancel companiesl likel BCBSl orl Kaiserl (mostlyl HMOs).l
Ifl youl selectl thisl option,l CMSl paysl al lotl ofl yourl monthlyl premiuml tol thel insurancel
companyl andl youl havel lowerl copaysl andl deductibles.
Thel downsidel isl youl havel lessl flexibilityl andl thel servicesl coveredl varies.
