WGU D236 Pathophysiology Exam i,- i,- i,- i,-
TEST BANK |300 Questions with i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Verified Answers | 100% Correct | i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Latest 2025/2026 |Graded A. i,- i,- i,-
An ICU patient's arterial blood gas results show low pH and low
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
CO2 levels. The patient's respiratory rate is increased. What is the
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
name of this condition?
i,- Metabolic acidosis
i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- i,-
(Since the pH is low, and the pH and CO2 are trending in the
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
same direction, the condition is metabolic acidosis. The low CO2
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
indicates that CO2 is not causing the acidosis. The increased
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
respiratory rate lowers blood CO2 in an attempt to compensate
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
for the metabolic acidosis.)
i,- i,- i,-
Your patient has pulmonary edema, which raises levels of CO2 in
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
the blood. What helps the patient's body to compensate for this
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
increase?
The kidneys conserve H+ and conserve HCO3-
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
The kidneys excrete more H+ and conserve HCO3-
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
,The kidneys conserve H+ and excrete more HCO3-
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
The kidneys excrete more H+ and excrete more HCO3-
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- The i,-
kidneys excrete more H+ and conserve HCO3-
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
(The increased CO2 level will generate more carbonic acid. The
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
body must compensate for the decreased pH. Excreting more H+
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
and conserving HCO3- will both help to increase pH.)
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Heberden and Bouchard's nodes are indicative of what disease
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
process? Osteoarthritis i,-i,- i,-
You receive a patient who has experienced a burn on the right
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
leg. The burn has small blisters, is markedly pinkish red, and has a
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
shiny and moist appearance. When the patient is asked about
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
pain level, the patient describes it as severe.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
What level of burn does this patient present?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Superficial thickness / Partial or intermediate thickness / Full
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Thickness / Fourth Degree Second Degree (partial thickness)
i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
,Second degree: Partial thickness burns can be either superficial
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
partial thickness or deep partial thickness, depending on the
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
degree of tissue necrosis of the dermal layer. These burns can
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
char the epidermis and papillary dermal layer, with resultant
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
edema and formation of epidermal blisters. Burned skin is wet,
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
raw, and pink or cherry red in color that blanches with pressure.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Identify degrees of burn, and other s/s to that degree burn
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,-
First-degree (Superficial) burns affect only the outer layer of the
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
skin. They cause pain, redness, and swelling (no
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
blistering/scarring).
Second-degree (Partial or intermediate thickness) burns affect i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
both the outer and underlying layer of skin. They cause pain,
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
redness, swelling, and blistering. Pink/Cherry in color that
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
blanches.
Third-degree (Full thickness) burns affect the deep layers of skin. i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
High risk of infection.
i,- i,- i,-
Fourth-degree burns involve muscle or bone. i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
A 56-year-old female presents with superficial partial-thickness
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
burns to the anterior head and neck, front and back of the left
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
, arm, front of the right arm, posterior trunk, front and back of the
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
right leg, and back of the left leg.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Calculate the total body surface area percentage that is burned
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
using the Rule of Nines. 63%
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,-
The Rule of Nines is a rapid method used during the prehospital
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
and emergent phase of care. The body is divided into regions
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
that present 9%, or multiples of 9, with the exception of the
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
perineum, which is 1% of BSA (body surface area). The face and i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
back of the head are 4.5% each, so the entire head is 9%, the
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
anterior and posterior portion of the arm is 9%, and the total for
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
each leg is 18%. Anterior head and neck (4.5%), front and back of
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
the left arm (9%), front of the right arm (4.5%), posterior trunk
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
(18%), front and back of the right leg (18%), back of the left leg
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
(9%) which equals 63%.
i,- i,- i,-
An adolescent male patient is brought to the emergency
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
department after spending a long day at the beach. The patient's i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
head, neck, and trunk from the waist upwards and legs from the
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
knees downward are bright red and edematous. The patient is
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
crying and reports 8 out of 10 on the pain scale and an inability
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
to find a comfortable position.
i,- i,- i,- i,-
What is the most likely classification of this burn?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
TEST BANK |300 Questions with i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Verified Answers | 100% Correct | i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Latest 2025/2026 |Graded A. i,- i,- i,-
An ICU patient's arterial blood gas results show low pH and low
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
CO2 levels. The patient's respiratory rate is increased. What is the
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
name of this condition?
i,- Metabolic acidosis
i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- i,-
(Since the pH is low, and the pH and CO2 are trending in the
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
same direction, the condition is metabolic acidosis. The low CO2
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
indicates that CO2 is not causing the acidosis. The increased
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
respiratory rate lowers blood CO2 in an attempt to compensate
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
for the metabolic acidosis.)
i,- i,- i,-
Your patient has pulmonary edema, which raises levels of CO2 in
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
the blood. What helps the patient's body to compensate for this
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
increase?
The kidneys conserve H+ and conserve HCO3-
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
The kidneys excrete more H+ and conserve HCO3-
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
,The kidneys conserve H+ and excrete more HCO3-
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
The kidneys excrete more H+ and excrete more HCO3-
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- The i,-
kidneys excrete more H+ and conserve HCO3-
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
(The increased CO2 level will generate more carbonic acid. The
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
body must compensate for the decreased pH. Excreting more H+
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
and conserving HCO3- will both help to increase pH.)
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Heberden and Bouchard's nodes are indicative of what disease
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
process? Osteoarthritis i,-i,- i,-
You receive a patient who has experienced a burn on the right
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
leg. The burn has small blisters, is markedly pinkish red, and has a
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
shiny and moist appearance. When the patient is asked about
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
pain level, the patient describes it as severe.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
What level of burn does this patient present?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Superficial thickness / Partial or intermediate thickness / Full
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Thickness / Fourth Degree Second Degree (partial thickness)
i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
,Second degree: Partial thickness burns can be either superficial
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
partial thickness or deep partial thickness, depending on the
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
degree of tissue necrosis of the dermal layer. These burns can
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
char the epidermis and papillary dermal layer, with resultant
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
edema and formation of epidermal blisters. Burned skin is wet,
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
raw, and pink or cherry red in color that blanches with pressure.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Identify degrees of burn, and other s/s to that degree burn
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,-
First-degree (Superficial) burns affect only the outer layer of the
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
skin. They cause pain, redness, and swelling (no
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
blistering/scarring).
Second-degree (Partial or intermediate thickness) burns affect i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
both the outer and underlying layer of skin. They cause pain,
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
redness, swelling, and blistering. Pink/Cherry in color that
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
blanches.
Third-degree (Full thickness) burns affect the deep layers of skin. i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
High risk of infection.
i,- i,- i,-
Fourth-degree burns involve muscle or bone. i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
A 56-year-old female presents with superficial partial-thickness
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
burns to the anterior head and neck, front and back of the left
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
, arm, front of the right arm, posterior trunk, front and back of the
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
right leg, and back of the left leg.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Calculate the total body surface area percentage that is burned
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
using the Rule of Nines. 63%
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,-
The Rule of Nines is a rapid method used during the prehospital
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
and emergent phase of care. The body is divided into regions
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
that present 9%, or multiples of 9, with the exception of the
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
perineum, which is 1% of BSA (body surface area). The face and i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
back of the head are 4.5% each, so the entire head is 9%, the
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
anterior and posterior portion of the arm is 9%, and the total for
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
each leg is 18%. Anterior head and neck (4.5%), front and back of
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
the left arm (9%), front of the right arm (4.5%), posterior trunk
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
(18%), front and back of the right leg (18%), back of the left leg
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
(9%) which equals 63%.
i,- i,- i,-
An adolescent male patient is brought to the emergency
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
department after spending a long day at the beach. The patient's i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
head, neck, and trunk from the waist upwards and legs from the
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
knees downward are bright red and edematous. The patient is
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
crying and reports 8 out of 10 on the pain scale and an inability
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
to find a comfortable position.
i,- i,- i,- i,-
What is the most likely classification of this burn?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
