ARC 1720 Quiz 1 - 6 Combined | Questions and Answers

ARC 1720 Quiz 1 - 6 Combined | Questions and Answers | Questions and Answers According to Professor Tilson's lecture on Greece, the most significant elaborate ceremonial path (defined by architectural constructions) was the Panathenaic Way According to Professor Tilson's lecture on Greece, a megaron was a rectangular enclosed space used for all of the above (sacrifice, guests of the king to stay overnight, poetry) The shown above is an example of how New Kingdom pharaohs arranged for their bodies to be buried in concealed tombs in the Valley of the Kings (behind these cliffs) where priests guarded against robbers Hatshepsut's Mortuary Temple Megalithic tomb at ____________, Carnac, France, ca. 4200 B.C.E. This structure presents an early example of corbeled construction, in which stones are laid without mortar in layers, with each course projecting slightly beyond the previous one, to enclose space. Er-Mane According to Professor Tilson's lecture on Ancient India and Asia, the________ derives its form and primary meaning from the primitive funerary cairn or tumulus erected over the mortal remains of distinguished persons. Stupa According to Professor Tilson's lecture on Ancient India and Asia, the Buddha himself specified that the tomb of a Buddha should be built at the meeting of four roads According to Professor Tilson's lecture on Egypt, the Temple complex at Abu Simbel created by Pharaoh Ramesses II in the 13th century BC was all of the above (a monument to himself and his queen Nefertari, a monument to his exploits in war, carved completely of solid rock.) According to Professor Tilson's lecture on Egypt, a BENBEN stone is named after the a and c (first mound to emerge from the water and the location on which the first rays of the sun fell) The architectural drawing above depicting the Tholos at Epidauros, shows both the ____________ simultaneously in the same drawing. floor plan and reflected ceiling plan The theater at Epidauros, which is still in use today, eventually accommodated 14,000 seats This diagram illustrates the ____________ where the traditional practice of placing stones and earth over the graves of distinguished people evolved into the construction of a hemispherical form that incorporated the cosmological associations of a circle (in plan), the world-mountain and dome of the heavens, and the vertical world axis. origin of the stupa The exterior form of the Hindu temple is a symbol of the sacred mountain According to Professor Tilson's lecture on Greece, the ultimate backdrop of any Greek play was The distant landscape, home of heroes, gods and mortal man According to Professor Tilson's lecture on Greece, which cultures contributed to the development of Classic Greece? b and c, Minoa and Mycenaean Buildings at_____________ abut one another, forming a continuous grouping broken occasionally by open courts. The buildings represent a mixture of dwelling houses, workshops, and shrines, all which were accessed from rooftops Catal Huyuk According to Professor Tilson's lecture on Ancient India and Asia, the Lingaraja temple in Bhubaneshawar is organized around a "world axis" that connects heaven and earth. From the exterior this axis is realized in a tower called a Shikhara According to Tilson's lecture on Ancient India and Asia, fresh water for Mohenjo-Daro was supplied by all the above According to Professor Tilson's lecture on Mesopotamia, Bronze Age Mesopotamia (including Sumer, Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian empires) was known as the Fertile Crescent Greek architecture reflected societal culture through the overarching concept of proportional relationships Hindu temple designs are based on symbolic forms derived from nature and geometric proportions This diagram illustrates the fundamental basis for most Hindu temples: the earth (or ground), the celestial rotation of the planets and the heavens QUIZ 2 While the original purpose of the Chinese pagoda was to house relics and sacred writings, this structure was also used as a vertical marker in the landscape One of the earliest Chinese treatises on city planning was composed in the fifth century and was based on the teachings of Confucius In Chinese architecture, the overarching architectural principles that governed palace design were also used in Houses According to Professor Tilson's lecture on China and Japan, dougong are interlocking structural system of joints and pegs According to Professor Tilson's lecture on China and Japan, the Shrine at ISE, a Shinto shrine dedicated to goddess Amaterasu-ōmikami, in Katsura is all of the above (exemplar of architecture devoid of unnecessary ornament, an architecture that reflects extraordinary sensitivity to building materials, an architecture that is integral with nature rather than being imposed on it) According to Professor Tilson's lecture on China and Japan, the Forbidden City in Beijing is the clearest example of an application of a diagram which creates what some scholars call a __________, organizing material space with cosmic space. "holy field" The Pantheon walls, nearly 20 feet thick, are not solid mass, but instead are broken up by shallow chambers which reduce the mass without diminishing the strength of the wall One of the typical features of an ancient dwelling found in Pompeii is the Atrium When Vitruvius wrote about the education of the architect, he described theory as the ability to demonstrate and explain the principles of proportion as they relate to a designed object According to Professor Tilson's lecture on Rome, the Pantheon was designed to contain a "perfect sphere" According to Professor Tilson's lecture on Rome, the Ten Books on Architecture was written by Vitruvious According to Professor Tilson's lecture on Rome, the precursor to the Italian Piazza, the Spanish Plaza and North American Square was the Forum In early Chinese architecture, the organization system was based on a modular unit called a jian This is a diagram for________. (grid of houses) An ancient Chinese city Proportions and size of Japanese rooms are determined by the modular dimensions of the ____________. Tatami According to Professor Tilson's lecture on China and Japan, a Tulou is an earthen house built around a central courtyard for defense pruposes The atrium in the typical Pompeian home was central to the dwelling, providing light and water collection for the home The Pantheon in Rome is considered to be one of the most influential works in Western architectural history because of its size, boldness of design and advanced construction techniques When Vitruvius wrote about the education of the architect, he described practice as regular work that is completed with the appropriate materials according to the design drawings According to Professor Tilson's lecture on Rome, the Colosseum originally carried a light-weight tensile structure for shade covering called a Velarium QUIZ 3 According to Professor Kara's lecture on Islamic architecture, the Great Mosque at Cordoba incorporates an open courtyard with a domed fountain primarily for b and c (the ritual of cleansing before the prayer, social interaction) According to Professor Kara's lecture on Islamic architecture, the Prophet Mohammed's house with its large courtyard provided the first precedent for expansive prayer halls in later mosques The conceptual prototype for the mosque most commonly consisted of columned prayer halls, an open court and at least one minaret The Taj Mahal is set within a landscape of square courts divided by watercourses and hierarchal axes and cross-axes that symbolize the garden of paradise The monastery of St. Gall was discovered through a copy of the drawing sent to the abbot The stave church at Borgund and Urnes both rely on ____________ to admit light and air into the building small openings or wind eyes high in the wall According to Professor Tilson's lecture on Medieval and Romanesque architecture, although one of the smaller pilgrimage stops, _________ in Conques France () is a superb example of a Romanesque church. Ste. Foy According to Professor Tilson's lecture on Medieval and Romanesque architecture, increasing numbers of religious pilgrims to sacred sites posed a dilemma for monasteries and church leaders. The huge influx of visitors jump started the economy but proved disruptive to the quiet contemplative life of the monastery. The architectural solution was b and c (to add wide aisles along the outermost sides of the church, to add an ambulatory behind the alter) Old St. Peter's in Rome began as ____________ based around the grave of the Apostle Peter that is located in western or apse end a cemetery Around 315______, compared the act of Christ working to rebuild the human soul to that of rebuilding both the material church (more splendidly than before) and the universal Church in which God sets the people in "living, securely-laid and unshakable stones." Bishop Eusebius According to Professor Kara's lecture on Early Christian and Byzantine architecture, church architecture started with simple basilica plans with wooden trussed roofs According to Professor Kara's lecture on Early Christian and Byzantine architecture, the most significant example of Christian architecture that combined the domed roof with the basilica plan was Hagia Sofia According to Professor Kara's lecture on Islamic architecture, the minaret is a slender tower used to call worshipers to prayer