Final Exam: NR 293/ NR293 (Latest 2025/ 2026 Update) Pharmacology for Nursing Practice Review | Questions & Answers| Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified Solutions)- Chamberlain

Final Exam: NR 293/ NR293 (Latest 2025/ 2026 Update) Pharmacology for Nursing Practice Review | Questions & Answers| Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified Solutions)- Chamberlain Q: What are the key considerations and safety precautions when administering opioid analgesics? Answer: -Can cause respiratory depression, so be cautious with respiratory issues. -Cause constipation, so administer a stool softener, encourage fluids, ambulation, and fiber intake. -Can cause sedation, so prioritize safety by assisting patients when getting out of bed, advising them to rise slowly, and ensuring the environment is safe (e.g., no hazards like throw rugs or clutter on the floor). Q: What are the reversal agents for opioid and acetaminophen overdoses, and what are the risks of acetaminophen? Answer: -The reversal agent for opioids is naloxone (Narcan). -For acetaminophen, the reversal agent is acetylcysteine, and the maximum daily dose is 4 grams. Overdose can cause liver damage. Note: Patients who are on warfarin have a headache; you'll give them acetaminophen instead of NSAID. Q: What is the medication used for hypothyroidism, and how is it administered? Answer: -Levothyroxine -Given first thing in the morning on a completely empty stomach, and the treatment is typically lifelong. Q: What medication is used for hyperthyroidism, and what are key considerations? Answer: -PTU (Propylthiouracil) -Patients should avoid foods high in iodine, and they should be educated on the risk of leukopenia and the signs and symptoms of infection (e.g., fever, sore throat, fatigue). · Indications: Graves' disease, preparation for a thyroidectomy. · MOA: Blocks synthesis of thyroid hormones · Side effects: Agranulocytosis, GI upset, rash. When the dose is too high, hypothyroidism (S/S: lethargy, weight gain, cold intolerance, bradycardia, depression). · Black Box: Hepatotoxicity · Nursing Care: Monitor CBC levels and liver function. Q: What should you know about rapid-acting, fast-acting, intermediate-acting, and long-acting insulins (diabetes med)? Answer: Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine (rapid acting insulin): -Insulin with onset in 15 min- give food 15 minutes prior or with administration!! never before food is delivered -peak in 30-90 minutes -duration of 3-5 hours -MOST DEADLY -hypoglycemia <70: signs are shaking, sweating, pale Regular (short acting insulin): -Insulin with onset in 30 min -Give food 30 min prior to administration -peak in 2-4 hours (watch for signs of hypoglycemia- high risk!) -duration of 5-8 hours -only type of insulin that can be given IV (push or bag) -remember: NR=RN when mixing with intermediate acting (NPH) insulin (cloudy) NPH (intermediate insulin): -Onset in 1-2 hours -peak in 4-12 hours, duration of 10-16 hours -5-6 hours most dangerous so have food with peak -never give in IV drip/bag -administered 2x day usually -cloudy -remember: NR=RN when mixing with short acting (regular) insulin (clear) Glargine, Detemir (long lasting insulin) -Insulin with onset in 2-4 hours -no peak=no plates (food) -duration of 24 hours -usually given at 2100 -never mix with other insulins!!! -minimal risk Q: What labs and medications should be monitored and administered in diabetes management? Answer: -Labs: Monitor glucose and hemoglobin A1c for long-term blood sugar control. -Metformin: First-line treatment for type 2 diabetes. --Administer with food and monitor BUN and creatinine for renal function. Q: How do you manage hypoglycemia in a diabetic patient, depending on their condition? Answer: -If the patient can swallow, give food to raise blood sugar. -If the patient cannot swallow or is unconscious, administer IM or IV glucagon to raise their blood sugar. Q: What are key points about using metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) (respiratory med)? Answer: -Use fast-acting bronchodilators like Albuterol for quick relief of bronchospasms. -Anticholinergics (e.g., ipratropium) can cause dry mouth, so provide frequent mouth care. -After using steroid inhalers, rinse your mouth to prevent fungal infections. -Using a spacer with MDIs ensures more medication reaches the lungs, improving effectiveness. Q: What are important considerations for diphenhydramine (Benadryl) (respiratory med)? Answer: -Causes sedation and drowsiness, so prioritize safety: avoid operating heavy machinery, get out of bed slowly, and ensure the environment is free of hazards like throw rugs. -Has anticholinergic effects, which will dry up secretions, leading to dry mouth and reduced mucous production. Patient Teaching: Suck on hard candy to help decrease dry mouth, doing frequent mouth care, chewing gum. Q: What should you know about theophylline (respiratory med) for respiratory conditions? Answer: -Primarily used for neonatal apnea but can be prescribed for adults with respiratory problems. -If taken orally, administer first thing in the morning.