NR 601 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Type 1 diabetes acute presentation
DKA (30% of people will present)
Type 2 diabetes acute presentation
HHNS
DKA
acetone and keytones increase! once treated expect postassium to drop! have K+ ready
Type 1 & 2 diabetes subacute presentation
Fatigue, thirst, urination, weight loss
Most common in type 1
In type 2, it will be more vague symptoms and fatigue
Most common way type two diabetes is diagnosed
Screening at risk individuals
Diabetes Mellitus
insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects
Prediabetes Hgb A1C
5.7-6.4%
Prediabetes 2 hour gtt
140-199
,Prediabetes fasting
00-125
Diabetes Random
>=200
Diabetes Fasting
>=126
Diabetes 2hr gtt
>=200
Type 1 diabetes
immune system attacks the beta cells in the pancreas to prohibit them from releasing insulin
AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER
Usually presents in childhood
Genetic and environmental trigger
Insulin Deficiency
Type 2 diabetes
usually presents in adults with HTN and obesity
Cells in the body do not react to the insulin
Genetic Predisposition
Insulin Resistance/Relative insulin deficiency
Medications that cause diabetes
Glucocoriticoids
(Given in asthma and Crohn's Disease
, Dysuria
subjective experience of painful or burning on urination
Dysuria Cause
inflammation
bladder/urethral infection
most common cause is lower UTI
Medications that can cause dysuria
SSRI
opiates
Scopalamine
Less common causes of dysuris
Tumors
Renal Failure
Nephrolithiasis
STIs
Hematuria Diagnostically
3 RBCs or more per high powered field
Transient Hematuria
Occurs on one occasion
Persistent
occurs on two or more occasion
Substances that can mock hematuria
Type 1 diabetes acute presentation
DKA (30% of people will present)
Type 2 diabetes acute presentation
HHNS
DKA
acetone and keytones increase! once treated expect postassium to drop! have K+ ready
Type 1 & 2 diabetes subacute presentation
Fatigue, thirst, urination, weight loss
Most common in type 1
In type 2, it will be more vague symptoms and fatigue
Most common way type two diabetes is diagnosed
Screening at risk individuals
Diabetes Mellitus
insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects
Prediabetes Hgb A1C
5.7-6.4%
Prediabetes 2 hour gtt
140-199
,Prediabetes fasting
00-125
Diabetes Random
>=200
Diabetes Fasting
>=126
Diabetes 2hr gtt
>=200
Type 1 diabetes
immune system attacks the beta cells in the pancreas to prohibit them from releasing insulin
AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER
Usually presents in childhood
Genetic and environmental trigger
Insulin Deficiency
Type 2 diabetes
usually presents in adults with HTN and obesity
Cells in the body do not react to the insulin
Genetic Predisposition
Insulin Resistance/Relative insulin deficiency
Medications that cause diabetes
Glucocoriticoids
(Given in asthma and Crohn's Disease
, Dysuria
subjective experience of painful or burning on urination
Dysuria Cause
inflammation
bladder/urethral infection
most common cause is lower UTI
Medications that can cause dysuria
SSRI
opiates
Scopalamine
Less common causes of dysuris
Tumors
Renal Failure
Nephrolithiasis
STIs
Hematuria Diagnostically
3 RBCs or more per high powered field
Transient Hematuria
Occurs on one occasion
Persistent
occurs on two or more occasion
Substances that can mock hematuria
