NURS 611 EXAM 1 PATHO ACTUAL
EXAM AND TEST BANK 2025-2026
COMPLETE 150 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A+
(MARYVILLE UNIVERSITY)
Apoptosis - ✔✔A programmed cell death that is regulated or programmed.
Cellular self-destruction for elimination or unwanted cell populations.
Necrosis - ✔✔Rapid loss of the plasma membrane structure, organelle
swelling, mitochondria dysfunction
What is the #1 cause of cellular injury leading to necrosis (especially the
kidney and heart) - ✔✔Hypoxia
What is the #1 cause of hypoxia? - ✔✔Ischemia
1
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
,Main component of a cell - ✔✔Nucleus
What does the nucleus contain? - ✔✔Nucleolus
What is the nucleolus composed of? - ✔✔RNA, most of cellular DNA, DNA
binding proteins, and histones
What are histone important? - ✔✔Histones bind to DNA and fold it into
chromosomes (chromatin) which is essential for cell division
What are ribosomes? - ✔✔RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that
are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through
pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes (NPC's)
Where can ribosomes be found? - ✔✔Cytoplasm and rough ER
What are ribosomes chief function? - ✔✔provides sits for cellular protein
synthesis
What is the Golgi Apparatus? - ✔✔A network of flatten, smooth
membranes and vesicles frequently located near the nucleus of the cell
What does the Golgi apparatus do? - ✔✔Takes proteins from the ER and
processes/packages them into small membrane-bound vesicles called
"secretory vesicles, and refines and directs traffic in the cell
2
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
, What are lysosomes and what do they do? - ✔✔Maintain cellular health by
removal of toxic cellular components, removal of useless organelles,
termination of signal transduction, and signals cellular adaption
How does aging affect lysosomes - ✔✔Leads to progressive loss of
lysosomal efficiency which declines the regenerative capacity of organs
and tissue
What functions do lysosomal components integrate? - ✔✔Nutrient
abundance, energy levels, and cell stressors and will translate them into
instructions that regulate cellular metabolism toward either proliferation or
inactivity
What is mitochondria responsible for? - ✔✔cellular respiration, cellular
metabolism, and energy production
What does the inner membrane of mitochondria contain - ✔✔Enzymes of
the respiratory chain and are essential to the process of oxidative
phosphorylation that generates most of the cell's ATP
The mitochondrial matrix contains what kind of pathways? - ✔✔Metabolic
The mitochondiral matrix involves what two things? - ✔✔Urea and heme
synthesis
3
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
EXAM AND TEST BANK 2025-2026
COMPLETE 150 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A+
(MARYVILLE UNIVERSITY)
Apoptosis - ✔✔A programmed cell death that is regulated or programmed.
Cellular self-destruction for elimination or unwanted cell populations.
Necrosis - ✔✔Rapid loss of the plasma membrane structure, organelle
swelling, mitochondria dysfunction
What is the #1 cause of cellular injury leading to necrosis (especially the
kidney and heart) - ✔✔Hypoxia
What is the #1 cause of hypoxia? - ✔✔Ischemia
1
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
,Main component of a cell - ✔✔Nucleus
What does the nucleus contain? - ✔✔Nucleolus
What is the nucleolus composed of? - ✔✔RNA, most of cellular DNA, DNA
binding proteins, and histones
What are histone important? - ✔✔Histones bind to DNA and fold it into
chromosomes (chromatin) which is essential for cell division
What are ribosomes? - ✔✔RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that
are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through
pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes (NPC's)
Where can ribosomes be found? - ✔✔Cytoplasm and rough ER
What are ribosomes chief function? - ✔✔provides sits for cellular protein
synthesis
What is the Golgi Apparatus? - ✔✔A network of flatten, smooth
membranes and vesicles frequently located near the nucleus of the cell
What does the Golgi apparatus do? - ✔✔Takes proteins from the ER and
processes/packages them into small membrane-bound vesicles called
"secretory vesicles, and refines and directs traffic in the cell
2
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
, What are lysosomes and what do they do? - ✔✔Maintain cellular health by
removal of toxic cellular components, removal of useless organelles,
termination of signal transduction, and signals cellular adaption
How does aging affect lysosomes - ✔✔Leads to progressive loss of
lysosomal efficiency which declines the regenerative capacity of organs
and tissue
What functions do lysosomal components integrate? - ✔✔Nutrient
abundance, energy levels, and cell stressors and will translate them into
instructions that regulate cellular metabolism toward either proliferation or
inactivity
What is mitochondria responsible for? - ✔✔cellular respiration, cellular
metabolism, and energy production
What does the inner membrane of mitochondria contain - ✔✔Enzymes of
the respiratory chain and are essential to the process of oxidative
phosphorylation that generates most of the cell's ATP
The mitochondrial matrix contains what kind of pathways? - ✔✔Metabolic
The mitochondiral matrix involves what two things? - ✔✔Urea and heme
synthesis
3
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
