Biological and Biochemical Foundations:
Top 100 Questions (2023-2025) | Ace Your
Entrance Exam
1. Molecular Biology
1. Question: What is the primary function of DNA polymerase?
- Answer: DNA polymerase is responsible for adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand during DNA
replication.
2. Question: Which process converts mRNA into a protein?
- Answer: Translation is the process that converts mRNA into a protein.
3. Question: What is the function of an enzyme's active site?
- Answer: The active site of an enzyme is where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical
reaction.
2. Cell Biology
4. Question: What are the main stages of the cell cycle?
- Answer: The main stages of the cell cycle are G1 (growth), S (DNA synthesis), G2 (growth and
preparation for mitosis), and M (mitosis).
5. Question: Describe the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
- Answer: Oxidative phosphorylation is the process by which ATP is produced in the mitochondria. It
involves the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis, where electrons are transferred through a
series of proteins, creating a proton gradient that drives the synthesis of ATP.
6. Question: How do cells communicate with each other?
- Answer: Cells communicate through signaling molecules, which bind to receptors on target cells. This
can trigger various cellular responses, such as changes in gene expression, enzyme activity, or cell
behavior.
, 3. Genetics
7. Question: What is the principle of independent assortment?
- Answer: The principle of independent assortment states that genes for different traits can segregate
independently during the formation of gametes.
8. Question: Explain the difference between a point mutation and a frameshift mutation.
- Answer: A point mutation is a change in a single nucleotide base pair, whereas a frameshift mutation
is caused by the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide, which alters the reading frame of the genetic code.
9. Question: What is the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
- Answer: The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a principle that describes the genetic variation in a
population that is not evolving. It states that allele and genotype frequencies will remain constant from
generation to generation in the absence of evolutionary influences.
4. Biochemistry
10. Question: What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?
- Answer: Carbohydrates serve as a major source of energy for the body. They are broken down into
glucose, which is used in cellular respiration to produce ATP.
11. Question: Describe the role of lipids in cellular membranes.
- Answer: Lipids, particularly phospholipids, form the bilayer structure of cellular membranes. They
provide a barrier that separates the intracellular and extracellular environments and facilitate membrane
fluidity and permeability.
12. Question: What is the main regulatory enzyme of glycolysis?
- Answer: The main regulatory enzyme of glycolysis is phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1), which controls
the rate of glucose breakdown.
5. Systems Biology
13. Question: What is homeostasis?
Top 100 Questions (2023-2025) | Ace Your
Entrance Exam
1. Molecular Biology
1. Question: What is the primary function of DNA polymerase?
- Answer: DNA polymerase is responsible for adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand during DNA
replication.
2. Question: Which process converts mRNA into a protein?
- Answer: Translation is the process that converts mRNA into a protein.
3. Question: What is the function of an enzyme's active site?
- Answer: The active site of an enzyme is where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical
reaction.
2. Cell Biology
4. Question: What are the main stages of the cell cycle?
- Answer: The main stages of the cell cycle are G1 (growth), S (DNA synthesis), G2 (growth and
preparation for mitosis), and M (mitosis).
5. Question: Describe the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
- Answer: Oxidative phosphorylation is the process by which ATP is produced in the mitochondria. It
involves the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis, where electrons are transferred through a
series of proteins, creating a proton gradient that drives the synthesis of ATP.
6. Question: How do cells communicate with each other?
- Answer: Cells communicate through signaling molecules, which bind to receptors on target cells. This
can trigger various cellular responses, such as changes in gene expression, enzyme activity, or cell
behavior.
, 3. Genetics
7. Question: What is the principle of independent assortment?
- Answer: The principle of independent assortment states that genes for different traits can segregate
independently during the formation of gametes.
8. Question: Explain the difference between a point mutation and a frameshift mutation.
- Answer: A point mutation is a change in a single nucleotide base pair, whereas a frameshift mutation
is caused by the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide, which alters the reading frame of the genetic code.
9. Question: What is the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
- Answer: The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a principle that describes the genetic variation in a
population that is not evolving. It states that allele and genotype frequencies will remain constant from
generation to generation in the absence of evolutionary influences.
4. Biochemistry
10. Question: What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?
- Answer: Carbohydrates serve as a major source of energy for the body. They are broken down into
glucose, which is used in cellular respiration to produce ATP.
11. Question: Describe the role of lipids in cellular membranes.
- Answer: Lipids, particularly phospholipids, form the bilayer structure of cellular membranes. They
provide a barrier that separates the intracellular and extracellular environments and facilitate membrane
fluidity and permeability.
12. Question: What is the main regulatory enzyme of glycolysis?
- Answer: The main regulatory enzyme of glycolysis is phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1), which controls
the rate of glucose breakdown.
5. Systems Biology
13. Question: What is homeostasis?
