(a) Identify houses of hydrogen. (four)
(b) Outline hazards associated with hydrogen. (4) - ANS-a. Hydrogen is lighter than air (much
less than 1 vapour density)
It is fairly flammable and explosive
It is colourless and odourless.
It can react vigorously with oxidising retailers
b. The predominant risk with hydrogen is its chance of explosion and fire due to it being easily
ignitable while supplied with even a low electricity ignition source (even at very low air/Hydrogen
concentrations). It may be an asphyxiant at better concentrations. It is stored below pressure
and whilst packing containers/cylinders are punctured (for example), a rapid explosive release
of fuel is possibly.
(a) Outline conditions which are important to ignite a flammable liquid. (four)
(b) Outline manipulate measures that could assist reduce the danger of hearth from a storage
tank containing flammable liquid. (4) - ANS-a. The temperature falls within the variety between
21C and 55C wherein sufficient vapours could be produced to create an air/vapor blend within
the explosive range (among LFL and UFL). In order for the above to take place, there must be
enough air and enough gas (to create the vapours) too. There must also be an ignition source to
be had (one important thing of the fireplace triangle).
B. Passive manage measures are used to reduce the hazard of fire from a garage tank. Passive
degree should include ensuring that any and all ignition sources (smoking, warm works etc) are
stored clear or are mitigated the use of intrinsically secure manage devices. To reduce the
danger of static buildup & discharge, tanks ought to be designed to avoid splashing even as
filling (i.E. Use bottom filling). Proper electrical grounding at filling regions wherein hoses are to
be connected to tanker trucks must be set up. The tank might be equipped with gasoline
detectors strategically placed in areas in which leaking vapor is most likely to accumulate (take
a look at vapour density values). Fire eyes and warmth detectors might also be mounted. On
the human facet, the location ought to be made at ease to ensure that get right of entry to with
the aid of unauthorized humans is not possible. Those coming into the area have to be qualified
and/or been thru induction schooling.
1.) In your protection function on an offshore oil production platform, you have got been
requested to take part in a chance evaluation and subsequent methods for the preparation and
repair of a big, electrically-pushed pump containing a hot, flammable liquid. The pump wishes to
be stopped, the big suction and discharge valves closed, the pump contents removed and the
pump inerted before the restore is completed.
A) Identify hazards AND, in EACH case, outline an related hazard with the coaching of the
pump. (eight)
b) Outline manipulate measures that have to be taken for the restore of the pump. (8)
, c) Identify places wherein locks and associated tags should be implemented for Lock Out, Tag
Out (LOTO). (2)
d) Identify forms of employee who may connect non-public locks inside LOTO in this situation.
(2) - ANS-1a Electrical shock
2a Heat Explosion/Fire
3a Gravity
4a Motion
5a Asphyxiation
6a Pressure
7a Environmental/Spill
8a Shift Changeover/Miscommunications
1b Isolation/LOTO, elimination of fuses
2b Ventilate or dispose of vapours, inert (nitrogen purge), allow contents to cool to 21C or below
before draining, make certain use of non-sparking tools, pick out and mitigate possible ignition
assets (use intrinsically secure work lighting fixtures, torches and so forth), PPE
3b Correctly rated pipe supports & chain blocks, tools secured for any work at heights
(lower/boost in toolbags)
4b
5b
6b
7b
8b
c Lock & tag valve handles, lock and tag electric switches, junction containers and so forth that
could energise any of the gadget being worked on
d. Worker acting the paintings and in all likelihood a further operations/manipulate room lock (or
supervisor lock)
A quantitative hazard evaluation is to be used rather than a qualitative chance evaluation on a
project to increase an present oil and fuel set up.
(a) Outline the that means of a qualitative hazard assessment. (four)
(b) Outline how a quantitative threat evaluation differs from a qualitative threat evaluation. (2)
(c) Outline the idea of as little as fairly possible (ALARP). (2) - ANS-a. When the risks diagnosed
may be ranked at the threat matrix as falling into Lower severity and decrease frequency
classes and is effortlessly diagnosed. The mitigation is apparent. SQ or Q analysis should be
used handiest in which the dangers are low sufficient that the threat isn't always anticipated to
be insupportable. An instance would be that the chance identified can be mitigated without
difficulty with current PPE.
B. Quantitative danger tests (QRA) are undertaken whilst the severity (consequences) of the
incident is ranked maximum and the frequency (probability) ranking is also excessive. As
opposed to qualitative RA, these risks require an awful lot greater idea and planning (greater
complicated) to mitigate the threat. These dangers fall into the intolerable variety (i.E. The threat
of fatality is high if threat no longer mitigated)
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