1. Which of the following is the primary function of the respiratory
system?
A) Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide
B) Regulation of body temperature
C) Exchange of gases between the air and blood
D) Production of white blood cells
Answer: C) Exchange of gases between the air and blood
Rationale: The primary function of the respiratory system is gas
exchange, where oxygen is inhaled into the lungs and carbon dioxide is
expelled. The respiratory system ensures that oxygen enters the
bloodstream and is delivered to tissues, while carbon dioxide, a waste
product, is removed.
2. Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating heart rate
and blood pressure?
A) Cerebrum
B) Medulla Oblongata
C) Cerebellum
D) Thalamus
Answer: B) Medulla Oblongata
Rationale: The medulla oblongata is responsible for regulating
autonomic functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration.
It is part of the brainstem and plays a crucial role in the body's
homeostasis.
3. What is the primary function of erythrocytes (red blood cells)?
,A) Fight infection
B) Clot the blood
C) Transport oxygen
D) Regulate blood pressure
Answer: C) Transport oxygen
Rationale: Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, contain hemoglobin, which
binds to oxygen and transports it from the lungs to the tissues throughout
the body. This is their primary function in the circulatory system.
4. Which type of connective tissue connects muscles to bones?
A) Ligament
B) Tendon
C) Cartilage
D) Adipose tissue
Answer: B) Tendon
Rationale: Tendons are strong bands of connective tissue that attach
muscles to bones, enabling movement. Ligaments, on the other hand,
connect bones to other bones, providing joint stability.
5. The process of protein synthesis occurs in which part of the cell?
A) Nucleus
B) Mitochondria
C) Ribosome
D) Golgi apparatus
Answer: C) Ribosome
, Rationale: Protein synthesis occurs at the ribosomes, which are either
floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic
reticulum. The ribosomes read mRNA to synthesize proteins according
to genetic instructions.
6. Which of the following hormones is produced by the pancreas to
regulate blood glucose levels?
A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Cortisol
D) Thyroxine
Answer: A) Insulin
Rationale: Insulin is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas and
helps regulate blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of glucose
into cells. It lowers blood sugar levels. Glucagon is another pancreatic
hormone that raises blood glucose levels.
7. Which structure in the kidney is responsible for filtering blood to
form urine?
A) Renal pelvis
B) Glomerulus
C) Nephron
D) Ureter
Answer: C) Nephron
Rationale: The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. It filters
blood, removes waste products, and produces urine. The glomerulus is
system?
A) Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide
B) Regulation of body temperature
C) Exchange of gases between the air and blood
D) Production of white blood cells
Answer: C) Exchange of gases between the air and blood
Rationale: The primary function of the respiratory system is gas
exchange, where oxygen is inhaled into the lungs and carbon dioxide is
expelled. The respiratory system ensures that oxygen enters the
bloodstream and is delivered to tissues, while carbon dioxide, a waste
product, is removed.
2. Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating heart rate
and blood pressure?
A) Cerebrum
B) Medulla Oblongata
C) Cerebellum
D) Thalamus
Answer: B) Medulla Oblongata
Rationale: The medulla oblongata is responsible for regulating
autonomic functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration.
It is part of the brainstem and plays a crucial role in the body's
homeostasis.
3. What is the primary function of erythrocytes (red blood cells)?
,A) Fight infection
B) Clot the blood
C) Transport oxygen
D) Regulate blood pressure
Answer: C) Transport oxygen
Rationale: Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, contain hemoglobin, which
binds to oxygen and transports it from the lungs to the tissues throughout
the body. This is their primary function in the circulatory system.
4. Which type of connective tissue connects muscles to bones?
A) Ligament
B) Tendon
C) Cartilage
D) Adipose tissue
Answer: B) Tendon
Rationale: Tendons are strong bands of connective tissue that attach
muscles to bones, enabling movement. Ligaments, on the other hand,
connect bones to other bones, providing joint stability.
5. The process of protein synthesis occurs in which part of the cell?
A) Nucleus
B) Mitochondria
C) Ribosome
D) Golgi apparatus
Answer: C) Ribosome
, Rationale: Protein synthesis occurs at the ribosomes, which are either
floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic
reticulum. The ribosomes read mRNA to synthesize proteins according
to genetic instructions.
6. Which of the following hormones is produced by the pancreas to
regulate blood glucose levels?
A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Cortisol
D) Thyroxine
Answer: A) Insulin
Rationale: Insulin is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas and
helps regulate blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of glucose
into cells. It lowers blood sugar levels. Glucagon is another pancreatic
hormone that raises blood glucose levels.
7. Which structure in the kidney is responsible for filtering blood to
form urine?
A) Renal pelvis
B) Glomerulus
C) Nephron
D) Ureter
Answer: C) Nephron
Rationale: The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. It filters
blood, removes waste products, and produces urine. The glomerulus is
