1. Which of the following structures is responsible for producing
insulin in the body?
A) Liver
B) Pancreas
C) Kidney
D) Stomach
Answer: B) Pancreas
Rationale: The pancreas contains specialized cells known as islets of
Langerhans, which are responsible for producing insulin. Insulin is
essential for regulating blood sugar levels.
2. Which of the following chambers of the heart is responsible for
pumping oxygenated blood to the body?
A) Left atrium
B) Right atrium
C) Left ventricle
D) Right ventricle
Answer: C) Left ventricle
Rationale: The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta,
which then circulates the blood throughout the body.
3. The process by which oxygen is transported in the blood is
primarily accomplished by which of the following?
A) Plasma proteins
B) White blood cells
,C) Hemoglobin
D) Platelets
Answer: C) Hemoglobin
Rationale: Hemoglobin in red blood cells binds to oxygen, allowing
efficient transport throughout the body. It is the primary molecule
responsible for oxygen transport.
4. The largest organ in the human body is:
A) Brain
B) Heart
C) Liver
D) Skin
Answer: D) Skin
Rationale: The skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays
critical roles in protecting the body, regulating temperature, and sensing
environmental stimuli.
5. Which of the following ions is most important for the generation
of action potentials in neurons?
A) Sodium (Na+)
B) Potassium (K+)
C) Calcium (Ca2+)
D) Chloride (Cl-)
Answer: A) Sodium (Na+)
, Rationale: Sodium ions play a critical role in the depolarization phase
of action potentials. They rush into the neuron, making the inside of the
cell more positive, which triggers the action potential.
6. What is the main function of the nephron in the kidney?
A) Regulate blood sugar
B) Filter blood to produce urine
C) Produce bile
D) Absorb nutrients
Answer: B) Filter blood to produce urine
Rationale: The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. It filters
blood, reabsorbs necessary substances, and excretes waste products as
urine.
7. Which of the following hormones is primarily responsible for
regulating the metabolism of calcium in the bones?
A) Cortisol
B) Insulin
C) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
D) Thyroid hormone
Answer: C) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Rationale: Parathyroid hormone increases calcium levels in the blood
by stimulating the release of calcium from bones and increasing calcium
reabsorption in the kidneys.
insulin in the body?
A) Liver
B) Pancreas
C) Kidney
D) Stomach
Answer: B) Pancreas
Rationale: The pancreas contains specialized cells known as islets of
Langerhans, which are responsible for producing insulin. Insulin is
essential for regulating blood sugar levels.
2. Which of the following chambers of the heart is responsible for
pumping oxygenated blood to the body?
A) Left atrium
B) Right atrium
C) Left ventricle
D) Right ventricle
Answer: C) Left ventricle
Rationale: The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta,
which then circulates the blood throughout the body.
3. The process by which oxygen is transported in the blood is
primarily accomplished by which of the following?
A) Plasma proteins
B) White blood cells
,C) Hemoglobin
D) Platelets
Answer: C) Hemoglobin
Rationale: Hemoglobin in red blood cells binds to oxygen, allowing
efficient transport throughout the body. It is the primary molecule
responsible for oxygen transport.
4. The largest organ in the human body is:
A) Brain
B) Heart
C) Liver
D) Skin
Answer: D) Skin
Rationale: The skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays
critical roles in protecting the body, regulating temperature, and sensing
environmental stimuli.
5. Which of the following ions is most important for the generation
of action potentials in neurons?
A) Sodium (Na+)
B) Potassium (K+)
C) Calcium (Ca2+)
D) Chloride (Cl-)
Answer: A) Sodium (Na+)
, Rationale: Sodium ions play a critical role in the depolarization phase
of action potentials. They rush into the neuron, making the inside of the
cell more positive, which triggers the action potential.
6. What is the main function of the nephron in the kidney?
A) Regulate blood sugar
B) Filter blood to produce urine
C) Produce bile
D) Absorb nutrients
Answer: B) Filter blood to produce urine
Rationale: The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. It filters
blood, reabsorbs necessary substances, and excretes waste products as
urine.
7. Which of the following hormones is primarily responsible for
regulating the metabolism of calcium in the bones?
A) Cortisol
B) Insulin
C) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
D) Thyroid hormone
Answer: C) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Rationale: Parathyroid hormone increases calcium levels in the blood
by stimulating the release of calcium from bones and increasing calcium
reabsorption in the kidneys.
