ATLS Written Review.pdf file:///C:/Users/HP/Desktop/New%20folder/ATLS%20Written%20Re
ATLS Written Review Questions & Answers
1. What is the primary goal of treating TBI? How is this done?
Answer preventing secondary brain injury.This is done by maintaining blood
pressure and providingadequate profusion.
2. After managing ABCDEs of TBI what MUST be identified if present? How isthis
done?
Answer mass lesion that requires surgical evacuation is critical! this is done with CT.
NOTE obtaining a CT should not delay patient transfer to trauma center.
3. Which brain lobes do the following hold
1. anterior fossa
2. middle fossa
3. posterior fossa
Answer 1. anterior fossa frontal lobes
2. middle fossa temporal lobes
3. posterior fossa lower brainstem and cerebellum
1 of 34 12/16/2024, 5:10
,ATLS Written Review.pdf file:///C:/Users/HP/Desktop/New%20folder/ATLS%20Written%20Re
4. What are the 3 layers of the meninges?
Answer dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
5. What does the dura mater adhere firmly to?
Answer the skull. it is tough and fibrous
6. What layer of the meninges splits into two leaves as specific sites to enclose
large venous sinuses? What do these sinuses do?
Answer dura mater.
these sinuses provide major venous drainage from the brain.
7. What is the midline sinus of of the brain that splits into two sinuses bilateral
transverse and sigmoid sinus?What side are these bigger on?
Answer The main sinusenclosed by the dura major is the midline superior sagital
sinus. This splits into thesigmoid and bilateral transverse sinuses which are larger on
the right side.
8. What are the arteries that lie between the skull and the dura mater (epidural
2 of 34 12/16/2024, 5:10
,ATLS Written Review.pdf file:///C:/Users/HP/Desktop/New%20folder/ATLS%20Written%20Re
space)?
Answer meningeal arteries.
9. What is the most commonly injured meningeal artery and where is it locat-
ed?
Answer middle meningeal artery.
Located over the temporal fossa
10. T/F the arachnoid mater is fused to the dura mater?
Answer FALSE not attached.This produces a potential space for a subdural
hematoma
11. In a subdural hematoma, what is the cause?
Answer injury to bridging veins thatextend from brain surface to the sinuses
within the dura.
12. fills the space between the arachnoid and pia mater?
Answer CSF. thiscushions the brain and spinal cord.
3 of 34 12/16/2024, 5:10
,ATLS Written Review.pdf file:///C:/Users/HP/Desktop/New%20folder/ATLS%20Written%20Re
13. What location of brain hemorrhage is frequently seen in brain contusionor
injury to major blood vessels at base of brain?
Answer subarachnoid.
14. The and contain the reticular activating system which is re-
sponsible for .
Answer midbrain and upper pons
state of alertness
15. What important function resides in the medulla?
Answer cardiorespiratory centers.
4 of 34 12/16/2024, 5:10
ATLS Written Review Questions & Answers
1. What is the primary goal of treating TBI? How is this done?
Answer preventing secondary brain injury.This is done by maintaining blood
pressure and providingadequate profusion.
2. After managing ABCDEs of TBI what MUST be identified if present? How isthis
done?
Answer mass lesion that requires surgical evacuation is critical! this is done with CT.
NOTE obtaining a CT should not delay patient transfer to trauma center.
3. Which brain lobes do the following hold
1. anterior fossa
2. middle fossa
3. posterior fossa
Answer 1. anterior fossa frontal lobes
2. middle fossa temporal lobes
3. posterior fossa lower brainstem and cerebellum
1 of 34 12/16/2024, 5:10
,ATLS Written Review.pdf file:///C:/Users/HP/Desktop/New%20folder/ATLS%20Written%20Re
4. What are the 3 layers of the meninges?
Answer dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
5. What does the dura mater adhere firmly to?
Answer the skull. it is tough and fibrous
6. What layer of the meninges splits into two leaves as specific sites to enclose
large venous sinuses? What do these sinuses do?
Answer dura mater.
these sinuses provide major venous drainage from the brain.
7. What is the midline sinus of of the brain that splits into two sinuses bilateral
transverse and sigmoid sinus?What side are these bigger on?
Answer The main sinusenclosed by the dura major is the midline superior sagital
sinus. This splits into thesigmoid and bilateral transverse sinuses which are larger on
the right side.
8. What are the arteries that lie between the skull and the dura mater (epidural
2 of 34 12/16/2024, 5:10
,ATLS Written Review.pdf file:///C:/Users/HP/Desktop/New%20folder/ATLS%20Written%20Re
space)?
Answer meningeal arteries.
9. What is the most commonly injured meningeal artery and where is it locat-
ed?
Answer middle meningeal artery.
Located over the temporal fossa
10. T/F the arachnoid mater is fused to the dura mater?
Answer FALSE not attached.This produces a potential space for a subdural
hematoma
11. In a subdural hematoma, what is the cause?
Answer injury to bridging veins thatextend from brain surface to the sinuses
within the dura.
12. fills the space between the arachnoid and pia mater?
Answer CSF. thiscushions the brain and spinal cord.
3 of 34 12/16/2024, 5:10
,ATLS Written Review.pdf file:///C:/Users/HP/Desktop/New%20folder/ATLS%20Written%20Re
13. What location of brain hemorrhage is frequently seen in brain contusionor
injury to major blood vessels at base of brain?
Answer subarachnoid.
14. The and contain the reticular activating system which is re-
sponsible for .
Answer midbrain and upper pons
state of alertness
15. What important function resides in the medulla?
Answer cardiorespiratory centers.
4 of 34 12/16/2024, 5:10
